Various example embodiments for supporting optical communications in an optical communication system may be configured to support dual-polarization alignment for dual-polarization communications within an optical communication network. Various example embodiments for supporting dual-polarization alignment, within an optical communication network supporting optical communications from a transmitter to a receiver based on dual polarizations including a first polarization and a second polarization, may be configured to support dual-polarization alignment to the dual polarizations at the receiver based on communication of a data segment such that a first portion of the data segment is communicated based on the first polarization and a second portion of the data segment is communicated based on the first polarization and the second polarization.
Various example embodiments of a fixed wireless access (FWA) mobility capability are presented herein. The FWA mobility capability may be based on configuration of a customer premises equipment (CPE) device of an FWA service to support enforcement of mobility of the CPE device with respect to the FWA service. The CPE device may be configured to support enforcement of FWA mobility for the CPE device with respect to the FWA service by controlling operation of the CPE device based on a location of CPE device with respect to an approved operating region of the CPE device for the FWA service (e.g., checking the location of the CPE device with respect to the approved operating region in response to an event and, based on a determination that the CPE device is located outside of the approved operating region, activating a captive portal on the CPE device).
An interworking function in a core network system, such as a 5G core network, attempts to establish a secure association with user equipment (UE) in an untrusted access network. When the secure association is not accepted by the 5G core network, the UE receives from the core network a response including a message type indicating that Non-3GPP access to the 5G core network is not allowed. Upon receiving the response message, the UE ends the session by sending a 5G-Stop message formatted in an Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) response. The EAP-Response/5G-Stop message includes a message-id field with a 5G Stop value.
An apparatus may be configured to receive a signal to be transmitted via an array of antennas by a zero-forcing precoder, wherein the signal is processed by the linear precoder based on one or more input power criteria for power amplifiers of the array of antennas; apply a distortion reducing matrix to the processed signal, wherein the distortion reducing matrix is trained to reduce the distortion at each output of the power amplifiers based on minimizing an error signal corresponding to a difference between measured and calculated outputs of the power amplifiers after a coupling effect between the power amplifiers based on the applied matrices; and provide an output of the distortion reducing matrix to be used in digital pre-distortion processing of an input signal for the power amplifiers.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, apparatuses, and a computer readable storage medium for a mechanism for changing privacy parameter(s). In the solution, a device determines that one or multiple privacy parameters of the device or a second device are to be changed, then the device can transmit an indication for changing the one or multiple privacy parameters. As such, the one or multiple privacy parameters can be changed and the privacy for communication can be guaranteed. In addition, the device and the second device which are communicating with each other can be aware of the change of one or multiple privacy parameters, avoiding a misunderstanding and improving communication efficiency.
G06F 21/71 - Protecting specific internal or peripheral components, in which the protection of a component leads to protection of the entire computer to assure secure computing or processing of information
H04W 12/02 - Protecting privacy or anonymity, e.g. protecting personally identifiable information [PII]
H04W 12/03 - Protecting confidentiality, e.g. by encryption
According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus configured to store a set of parameters of a machine learning classifier configured to predict networked alarms, the set of parameters comprising at least one maximum time interval, process a first alarm signal sequence originating in a networked environment, consecutive alarms comprised in the first alarm signal sequence occurring at most a time interval comprised in the at least one maximum time interval from each other, and predict, using the set of parameters of the machine learning classifier and the machine learning classifier, based on the first alarm signal sequence, at least one second alarm signal to occur during a first time interval.
H04L 41/0681 - Configuration of triggering conditions
H04L 41/147 - Network analysis or design for predicting network behaviour
H04L 41/16 - Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks using machine learning or artificial intelligence
Various example embodiments for supporting optical monitoring and sensing for an optical network are presented. Various example embodiments for supporting optical monitoring and sensing for an optical network may be configured to support various optical network monitoring and/or sensing techniques based on use of an optical communication device including a divider configured to split an optical signal into a first optical signal portion and a second optical signal portion, a polarization independent photodetector configured to monitor a power level of the optical signal based on the first optical signal portion, and a polarization sensitive photodetector configured to monitor a polarization of the optical signal based on the second optical signal portion. Various example embodiments for supporting optical monitoring and sensing may be configured to support optical monitoring and sensing in various optical networks, such as optical access networks (e.g., passive optical networks), optical backhaul networks, or the like.
H04B 10/079 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
Disclosed is a method comprising receiving a data stream divided into segments with variable data patterns; detecting a change point in the data stream, the change point corresponding to a shift in the data patterns; generating, based on the detection, by utilizing a generative artificial intelligence model, model parameters and normalization statistics for a machine learning model based on one or more previously learned segments of the data stream, the machine learning model being configured at least to learn from the data stream; updating the machine learning model based on the model parameters and the normalization statistics generated with the generative artificial intelligence model; and performing one or more predictions with the updated machine learning model.
H04L 41/147 - Network analysis or design for predicting network behaviour
H04L 41/16 - Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks using machine learning or artificial intelligence
9.
FREQUENCY SHIFT ASSOCIATED WITH BACKSCATTERING TRANSMISSION
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a frequency shift associated with a backscattering transmission. In one aspect, a first apparatus receives an indication of performing a frequency shift associated with a backscattering transmission of the first apparatus. Based on the indication, the first apparatus performs the frequency shift of an activation signal to a target subband. Based on the frequency shifted activation signal on the target subband, the first apparatus performs a backscattering transmission. In this way, the original activation signal may be isolated from the backscattering signal through frequency division multiplexing. Therefore, interference between the activation signal and the backscattering transmission can be minimized.
Example embodiments provide a method for compensating transmitter distortions. The compensation can be performed with tapered antenna elements. The method comprises determining a first subset of antennas of an antenna array, wherein the first subset of antennas operate without a power headroom in relation to one or more thresholds; determining a second subset of antennas of the antenna array, wherein the second subset of antennas comprise one or more antennas that operate with a power headroom in relation to the one or more thresholds; calculating compensation signals for distortions of wanted signals to be transmitted with the first subset of antennas to one or more user devices; combining the compensation signals with wanted signals to be transmitted with the second subset of antennas to the one or more user devices; and transmitting, with the second subset of antennas, the compensation signals combined with the wanted signals. An apparatus, a method, and a computer program are disclosed.
H04W 52/36 - Transmission power control [TPC] using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power with a discrete range or set of values, e.g. step size, ramping or offsets
11.
A NOVEL WEB3 CREDENTIAL FOR ENTERPRISE DEVICE MOBILITY FOR LOGISTICS AND OTHER USE-CASES
In a system, apparatus, method, and non-transitory computer readable medium for implementing trustless authentication of enterprise devices on a private network using Web3 credentials, a network device may be caused to, provide a public key associated with the network device to an enterprise server, the enterprise server and the network device associated with an enterprise, obtain a decentralized identifier associated with the network device from the enterprise server in response to the provided public key, provide the decentralized identifier to an access server associated with a private network, the decentralized identifier enabling the access server to perform trustless authentication of the network device, and connect to the private network based on results of the trustless authentication.
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols
12.
ORCHESTRATING DEPLOYMENT OF A SERVICE IN CLOUD INFRASTRUCTURES
A service description is provided to an orchestration function for a service to be deployed over at least one infrastructure of a plurality of infrastructures having respective access points. At least one of the plurality of software components to be deployed is tagged in the service description as being a replicable component adapted to be replicated in two or more of the plurality of infrastructures. The deployment is orchestrated by determining whether to replicate a replicable component and in which infrastructures based on a performance estimation function evaluated for a set of end devices of interest and candidate instances of the plurality of software components. The performance estimation function varies in dependence of (i) candidate infrastructures for deploying the candidate instances and (ii) one or more infrastructures to which the end devices of interest are respectively connected via an access point.
H04L 41/0816 - Configuration setting characterised by the conditions triggering a change of settings the condition being an adaptation, e.g. in response to network events
13.
DELIVERY MODE OF TRAFFIC FOR TERMINAL DEVICES IN DIFFERENT RRC STATES
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to delivery mode of traffic for terminal devices in different RRC states. A first device determines, based on at least one criterion, to transmit multicast and/or broadcast traffic to a plurality of second devices in a first mode of delivery; and transmit the multicast and/or broadcast traffic to the plurality of second devices in the first mode of delivery by at least: transmitting, to a first subset of second devices among the plurality of second devices, a first downlink control information for the multicast and/or broadcast traffic using a first physical downlink control channel; transmitting, to a second subset of second devices among the plurality of second devices, a second downlink control information for the multicast and/or broadcast traffic using a second physical downlink control channel; and transmitting, to the plurality of second devices, the multicast and/or broadcast traffic using a physical downlink shared channel. In this way, it is possible to transmit the multicast and/or broadcast traffic from a first device to a plurality of second devices in a more radio efficient manner.
H04W 4/06 - Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]Services to user groupsOne-way selective calling services
H04W 72/30 - Resource management for broadcast services
H04W 76/27 - Transitions between radio resource control [RRC] states
14.
PROBABALISTIC COSTELLATION SHAPING FOR PASSIVE OPTICAL LINKS
A method for configuring an optical transmitter for transmitting optical signals over a passive optical link. The method includes using a digital processor to generate a target constellation probability distribution (CPD) for a probabilistic constellation encoder (PCE) of the optical transmitter. The target CPD is generated using a system performance optimization algorithm accounting for the transmitter peak power constraint and a peak enhancement property of a drive circuit of the optical transmitter.
The present subject matter relates to a method comprising: receiving a radio frequency signal, the radio frequency signal comprising components, wherein each component is associated with a time unit and a frequency unit; selecting components of the radio frequency signal, the selected components comprising reference data; computing, for the selected components, equalization coefficients, referred to as initial equalization coefficients; deriving the equalization coefficients for non-reference data components of the radio frequency signal by interpolating, along at least one of time domain or frequency domain, the initial equalization coefficients.
Improvements to a demodulation process or to a demapping process are described. The improvements include that a signal comprising at least one modulated symbol from a labelled symbol constellation is obtained, and reliability information for at least one piece in the labelled symbol constellation is determined, by performing at least one convolution between a kernel and states or a subset of states associated with the labelled symbol constellation, wherein a piece is a symbol label, or a part of a symbol label or a subset comprising parts.
Dual-polarization, quadrature amplitude modulation transmitters and coherent receivers are described that provide increased margins and receiver sensitivities through the use of low-order modulation schemes.
An off-path or in-path connection-ordering update (COU) function enables the relative priorities of network and compute metrics to be fine-tuned when generating global utility values used to generate a re-ordered list from an initial list of IP addresses corresponding to a domain name identified by an application client. The initial list may contain IP addresses of edge servers corresponding to the domain name. The re-ordered list may contain either (i) the (re-ordered) edge-server IP addresses or (ii) IP address pairs identifying the (re-ordered) edge-server IP addresses and IP addresses of corresponding egress edge routers of an intervening routing network also having an ingress edge router connected to the application client.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods and computer readable storage medium for service selection and access node selection. In a method, a first apparatus receives a network request for a terminal device served by a first access node in a radio access network (RAN). The first apparatus obtains RAN measurement information related to candidate access nodes, network information related to network resources between candidate user plane functions (UPFs) and candidate service instances, and computing information related to the candidate service instances. The first apparatus determines, for the terminal device, at least one combination each consisting of an access node, a UPF, a service instance, and a delivery path between the UPF and the service instance. The first apparatus transmits, to the first access node, indication information indicating at least one access node in the at least one combination.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, and computer readable storage medium for resource allocation. In a method, an apparatus determines, for each cell segment of a plurality of cell segments in a cell, available equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) allowance of the cell segment in a time period of a plurality of time periods. The apparatus reduces at least one of power or resources for a plurality of terminal devices to be scheduled in a set of candidate cell segments from the plurality of cell segments in the time period, to enable expected EIRP consumption of each candidate cell segment in the set of candidate cell segments to be less than or equal to the available EIRP allowance of the candidate cell segment.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching,
transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling the
distribution or use of electricity; apparatus and
instruments for recording, transmitting, reproducing or
processing data; computer software; software and application
programming interface (API) in the field of energy
production, distribution, management, storage, monitoring,
planning and consumption; software for creating simulations
and digital copies of energy grids and energy resources;
software for the orchestration of energy grids and energy
resources; downloadable electronic reports; energy
management software; electric control devices for energy
management; apparatus for monitoring electrical energy
consumption. Software-as-a-service (SaaS) and Platform-as-a-Service
(PaaS) in the field of energy production, distribution,
management, storage, monitoring, planning and consumption;
design, development, installation, maintenance and updating
of computer software in the field of energy production,
distribution, management, storage, monitoring, planning and
consumption; providing temporary use of non-downloadable
software for analyzing energy management data and generating
reports; design and development of computer hardware and
software; energy auditing; energy performance testing of
buildings; consultancy and advisory services relating to
energy efficiency and energy-saving; computer programming
for the energy industry; research in the field of energy;
design, development and programming of energy management
software; development of energy and power management
systems; design and development of energy distribution
networks; engineering services in the field of energy
technology; design and development of software for control,
regulation and monitoring of energy systems; providing
temporary use of non-downloadable software for importing and
managing data; scientific and technological analysis,
research, development, support, technical troubleshooting
and consultancy services in the field of computer software
and energy technologies; providing on-line
[non-downloadable] software and mobile applications;
providing temporary use of on-line non-downloadable software
for use as an application programming interface (API);
providing temporary use of on-line non-downloadable software
development tools; rental of computer software;
installation, repair and maintenance of computer software;
performance monitoring services of electronic devices
connected to a network of computers or of telecommunication
equipment (smart data as a service); electronic data storage
and provision of energy-related technological information,
network data and geolocalisation data (optimization as a
service); predictive analytics services relating to computer
software; information, advisory, technical support and
consultancy services relating to all the aforesaid services.
22.
PHASE ESTIMATION FOR CLOCK-AND-DATA RECOVERY INITIALISATION IN AN OPTICAL RECEIVER OF A PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK
An optical receiver for a passive optical network, comprising a phase estimation circuitry and a clock-and-data recovery, CDR, circuitry, wherein the CDR circuitry is configured to be initialised with an estimate of an initial phase error between a received optical signal and a reference clock, and wherein the phase estimation circuitry is configured to estimate the initial phase error by: sampling a portion of an optical signal during consecutive unit intervals; wherein the sampling is performed in at least one of a plurality of possible sampling positions; wherein the sampling is performed such that a plurality of samples is obtained for each of the possible sampling positions; determining a temporal property in the respective sampling position at least from the plurality of samples corresponding to the possible sampling position; fitting a curve characterising the temporal property within a unit interval; and estimating the initial phase error from the fitted curve.
Method comprising
receiving, for each of plural microservices, a respective requirement of a quality of service, wherein the plural microservices jointly build an application;
receiving a first label, wherein the first label indicates a policy status of a communication system conveying data packets from the microservices for the application;
receiving an indication of a first quality of experience of the application;
determining, for a first one of the microservices, an importance level based on the requirement of the quality of service of the first one of the microservices, the first label, and the first quality of experience,
marking a data packet originated from or designated to the first one of the microservices and to be conveyed by the communication system by the importance level determined for the first one of the microservices;
providing the data packet marked by the importance level to the communication system for conveying the data packet.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a solution of time offset compensation. In this solution, the first apparatus determines, precoding matrix indicator (PMI) information based on measurements on a plurality of channel status information-reference signal (CSI-RS) resources and at least one first time offset, each of the at least one first time offset corresponding to one of plurality of CSR-RS resources; and transmits, to a second apparatus, a PMI report comprising the PMI information.
Example embodiments of the disclosure relate to methods, apparatuses and a computer readable medium for timing offset measurement and reporting. In a method, a first apparatus receives, from a second apparatus, a configuration of a time offset report indicating the first apparatus to measure and report respective one or more time offsets of at least one transmission reception point (TRP) relative to a reference TRP; determines, based on the configuration, the respective one or more time offsets based on measurements on respective reference signal transmitted by the at least one TRP and a further reference signal transmitted by the reference TRP; and transmits, to the second apparatus, the time offset report indicating a set of time offset indices associated with at least one time interval within which respective one or more time offsets fall.
Disclosed are devices, methods, apparatuses, and computer readable media for conditional handover. An example apparatus for a terminal device may include at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory may store instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the apparatus at least to: receive downlink control information, DCI, indicating a network energy saving, NES, mode after detecting a condition of a NES conditional handover, CHO, is met; and check whether the condition is met when receiving the DCI.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to initial transmissions and retransmissions. In an aspect, a terminal device receives scheduling information for scheduling a retransmission of an initial transmission, and the scheduling information included at least one parameter for conveying transport block information of the initial transmission. The terminal device receives or transmits the retransmission based on the scheduling information. The at least one parameter comprises a first parameter indicating the number of resource blocks used for the initial transmission, and/or a second parameter related to code division multiplexing (CDM) group information of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) configuration used for the initial transmission. In this way, the robustness of the retransmissions is improved and the communication performance can thus be enhanced.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a solution for resource allocation. In the solution, an apparatus determines a respective first number of resources required by each terminal device of a set of terminal devices and then assigns a respective second number of resources for each terminal device, based on the respective first number of resources. The apparatus determines at least one of a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) or a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) rank for each terminal device, based on the respective second number of resources such that the assigned second number of resources, together with a current MCS and a current MIMO rank satisfy throughput, or delay, or retransmission requirements of each terminal device. The apparatus determines transmission power associated with each terminal device, based on the at least one of the determined MCS or the determined MIMO rank of the terminal device.
To enable two or more cells to dynamically share part of transmission bandwidth, the two or more cells are configured with a transmission bandwidth configuration per a cell, a transmission bandwidth configuration of a cell comprising a first bandwidth part dedicated for the cell in the transmission bandwidth and at least one second bandwidth part comprising transmission resources from a shared bandwidth section in the transmission bandwidth, wherein at least one second bandwidth part of the cell overlaps with at least one second bandwidth part of another cell. Non-overlapping bandwidth parts are assigned to the two or more cells according to transmission bandwidth configurations of the two or more cells; and at least an indication of the bandwidth part(s) assigned to a cell is transmitted to the corresponding cell, to be used for communication in the cell.
A radio access network (RAN) node may include a real-time (RT) application platform configured to execute at least one RT user application, the at least one RT user application being a non-native RAN node application, and a RT agent application configured to, monitor events generated by at least one native RAN node function, and transmit a mailbox message to the at least one RT user application in response to the generated event.
The access network (AN) resource manager for a software-defined network (SDN) generates and thresholds congestion scores for the SDN's network gateway (NGs) using a weighted sum of network metrics to identify congested NGs and re-allocate network resources to address the detected congestion. Different weight values for the weighted sums and/or different threshold values for the congestion scores may be used for different AN use cases. Congestion scores may be generated and thresholded at the gateway level or at the gateway-port level. Existing network resources are allocated and possibly de-allocated to automatically and efficiently address congestion issues without having to provision new network resources.
H04L 47/122 - Avoiding congestionRecovering from congestion by diverting traffic away from congested entities
H04L 47/762 - Admission controlResource allocation using dynamic resource allocation, e.g. in-call renegotiation requested by the user or requested by the network in response to changing network conditions triggered by the network
32.
MULTI-THREADED SIMULATOR FOR PERFORMANCE BENCHMARKING IN SOFTWARE-DEFINED NETWORKS
Performance of a node-under-test in a software-defined network (SDN) is benchmarked by implementing a simulator instance in another SDN node that transmits series of messages over multiple, parallel threads to the node-under-test. When the node-under-test is an SDN network management block (NMB), the other SDN node may be an SDN controller (SDNC), where each thread simulates a real-world connection between the NMB and a different real-world SDNC. When the node-under-test is an SDNC, the other SDN node may be an SDN network service gateway (NSG), where each thread simulates a real-world connection between the SDNC and a different real-world NSG. When the node-under-test is an NSG, the other SDN node may be user equipment, where each thread simulates a real-world connection between the NSG and different real-world user equipment. The disclosure enables lightweight, explicit performance benchmarking of SDN nodes without having to implement an entire SDN in the testing environment.
H04L 43/55 - Testing of service level quality, e.g. simulating service usage
H04L 41/5009 - Determining service level performance parameters or violations of service level contracts, e.g. violations of agreed response time or mean time between failures [MTBF]
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods and computer readable storage medium for congestion detection of a network slice. In a method, congestion of a first network slice is detected based on at least one parameter. The at least one parameter may include at least one of an amount of data utilized in the first network slice, or a delay in the first network slice. In response to detecting that the first network slice is congested, the apparatus initiates replacement of one or more terminal devices from the first network slice to a second network slice.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions for adaptive adjustment of a small gap configuration. In an example method, a terminal device determines, from a plurality of small gap configurations, a small gap configuration corresponding to a measurement object (MO), and transmits, to a network device, a request for activation of the small gap configuration. The network device receive the request for activation of a small gap configuration corresponding to the MO, and evaluates feasibility of activation of the requested small gap configuration. In this way, UE may indicate an optimal small gap configuration to the network for measuring with small gaps for UE power saving and improving measurement throughput.
An aspect concerns a method comprising, at a first communication network device: receiving a request from a second network device, wherein the request is for a given service to be provided by a network function of the first network device; responsive to the request, providing said given service; determining an overload state change of resources required, by the first device, for said given service provided by said network function, wherein an overload state change type is one of a change from an overloaded state to non-overloaded state or a change from a non-overloaded state to an overloaded state; sending a message to the first device, wherein the message comprises information explicitly identifying at least said given service provided by said network function and the type of overload state change. Other aspects concern a method at a second device and first and second devices.
H04W 28/02 - Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
H04W 28/084 - Load balancing or load distribution among network function virtualisation [NFV] entitiesLoad balancing or load distribution among edge computing entities, e.g. multi-access edge computing
36.
PROGRAMMABLE NETWORK SLICING FRAMEWORK FOR CELLULAR SYSTEMS
Various example embodiments of the programmable network slicing framework may be configured to support programmable network slicing in a radio access network (RAN) portion of a cellular communication system based on a programmable RAN slicing framework. Various example embodiments of the programmable RAN slicing framework may be configured to support programmable network slicing in a RAN based on use of a set of RAN slices having associated therewith network slice operational states and associated network slice configurations which may be used for assignment of RAN resources to user equipments (UEs) of the RAN, based on use of a frequency domain scheduling capability to assign frequency domain resources of RAN slices to UEs of the RAN based on network slice operational states and network slice configurations of the RAN slices, based on use of various types of messaging to support various aspects of RAN slicing, and so forth.
An apparatus is configured to transmit orthogonal cover code (OCC) encoded data, wherein the OCC encoded data includes a plurality of segments, each of the plurality of segments includes a plurality of OCC units, and each of the plurality of OCC units includes a plurality of resource elements. The apparatus comprises at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: drop at least a portion of a plurality of resource elements of at least a first OCC unit, from among the plurality of OCC units, wherein at least the portion of the plurality of resource elements overlaps with a transmission gap between segments, from among the plurality of segments; and transmit remaining resource elements of the plurality of OCC units.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution to support inactive state user equipments (UEs) in communication networks. In an example method, a first network element updates, based on a new security key derived, the security context included in UE context of at least one UE in an inactive state in a cell, and transmits, to a second network element which is to serve the cell after satellite switch, the UE context including the updated security context with the new security key, before the satellite switch. The second network element receives and stores the UE context including the updated security context with the new security key, before satellite switch. In this way, the proactive transfer of the UE context including the updated security context with new security key for UEs in the inactive state is enabled, for facilitating the connection resume.
Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose devices, methods and apparatuses for coordination of sensing and communication in integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system. In the embodiments, a device obtains information indicating an interference-related requirement for sensing signals. Based on determining that a quality of receiving sensing signal does not meet the interference-related requirement, the device transmits, to a terminal device configured to transmit and/or receive communication signals, a request to adjust transmission of a communication signal. In this way, the performance of the ISAC system can be improved.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a model framework, especially a model adaptation framework for channel state information (CSI) feedback enhancement. In an example method, an apparatus trains a main module and a plurality of sub-modules parallel connectable to the main module for channel state information (CSI) feedback, wherein the plurality of sub-modules are associated with a plurality of sites of different wireless environments. Then, the apparatus performs, based on the main module parallel connected with a selected sub-module among the plurality of sub-modules, inference for CSI feedback. In this way, a model adaptation framework for CSI feedback enhancement can be obtained. With the model adaptation framework, better performance and parameter efficiency can be obtained. Besides, no additional inference latency is introduced.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a model framework, especially a model adaptation framework for channel state information (CSI) feedback enhancement. In an example method, a terminal device receives, from a network device, an index of a first sub-module among first one or more sub-modules at the network device. Here, the first sub-module is to be parallel connected to a main decoder at the network device. Then, the terminal device connects, based on the index, a second sub-module among second one or more sub-modules at the terminal device parallel to a main encoder at the terminal device. Here, the second sub-module is associated with the first sub-module. In this way, better performance and parameter efficiency can be obtained. Besides, no additional inference latency is introduced.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to inter-transmit-receive point (TRP) calibration. In an aspect, a terminal device determines, from a plurality of RS resource sets, one or more of a first reference RS resource set and a second reference RS resource set. Moreover, the terminal device transmits, to at least one network device of a plurality of network devices associated with the plurality of RS resource sets, one or more of: time misalignment information for a first RS resource set of the plurality of RS resource sets relative to the first reference RS resource set; or frequency offset information for a second RS resource set of the plurality of RS resource sets relative to the second reference RS resource set.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a solution for security of data routing. In the solution, a terminal device, transmits a request for a random identifier for a session associated with the terminal device, to at least one of a central application server or a core network; receives a response for the request, from the at least one of the central application server or the core network; and sends, to an edge application server, first data belonging to the session.
Systems, methods. apparatuses. and computer program products for receiver processing, such as uplink receiver processing in massive multi-user multiple input multiple output systems are provided. For example. a method may include estimating interference plus noise covariance of a received signal. The method may also include performing noise whitening of the received signal. The method may further include performing beamforming on the whitened received signal.
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systemsMulti-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
H04B 17/309 - Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
45.
COLLABORATIVE TRAINING OF A MACHINE LEARNING MODEL CONSIDERING ESTIMATED ENERGY CONSUMPTION
A method may comprise: training, by a network node, a first machine learning (ML) model for selection of training modes for collaborative training of a second ML model by a plurality of devices, wherein the first ML model is configured for selection of the training modes based on radio channel state information (CSI) of the devices and an estimate of energy consumption for training the second ML model by a respective device of the devices; transmitting the first ML model to the devices; transmitting the second ML model to the devices; receiving radio CSI from each of the devices; sharing the received radio CSI with the devices; receiving, from the devices, indications of the training modes of the devices for the collaborative training of the second ML model; and performing iterative training of the second ML model.
Disclosed is a method comprising receiving, from one or more network elements of a radio access network or a core network, information indicating an energy production capability of the one or more network elements; determining one or more policies for optimizing at least one of energy consumption or carbon dioxide emissions of the one or more network elements, wherein the determination is based at least on the information indicating the energy production capability, and an energy demand level of one or more consumers of energy produced by the one or more network elements; and transmitting, to the one or more network elements, information indicating the one or more policies.
Devices, methods and computer programs for machine learning (ML)-based user device positioning in wireless networks are disclosed. At least some example embodiments may allow processing measurements done in positioning to cope with challenging environments, non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions, and/or dense multipath scattering.
H04W 64/00 - Locating users or terminals for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systemsMulti-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
In a software-defined network (SDN), user packets have a security header that identifies a set of security operations to be performed by the SDN on user data packets, where different network service gateways (NSGs) in a cluster of NSGs of the SDN are enabled to perform different subsets of the security operations. The bits of the security header indicate which security operations still need to be performed and which security operations do not need to be performed either because they have already been performed or are not selected to be performed. Each NSG that receives a user data packet reads the security header to determine which if there are any needed security operations that that NSG is enabled to perform. If so, then the NSG performs those needed security operations and updates the security header appropriately to prevent those same security operations from being repeated by a subsequent NSG.
A technical solution is provided, which enables Resource Block (RB) scheduling for UEs in a Multi-User Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MU-MIMO) network based on the spatial diversity and ranks of the UEs. For this purpose, one or more scheduled UEs already having one or more RBs for a Transmission Time Interval (TTI) and one or more candidate UEs having no RB for the TTI are determined. For each candidate UE, its precoder is combined with the precoder of each scheduled UE. The combined set of precoders is subjected to Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), whereupon one or more singular values are selected based on the rank sum of the candidate UE and each scheduled UE. The decision whether to schedule the RB(s) for the candidate UE is made using at least one NN receiving the rank sum and the singular value(s) (or a value derived from the singular value(s)) as input.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for access control in a Centralized Unit (CU) split architecture. The method comprises: determining, at a first apparatus after a connection setup is completed between a second apparatus and a third apparatus, one or more parameters associated with a mobility restriction for the third apparatus; and transmitting, to the second apparatus, the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction and one or more connection keys associated as part of at least one connection related message.
There is provided a method comprising receiving, from a network node of a cell, a random access configuration comprising a common number of random access occasions (ROs) mapped to each synchronization signal block (SSB) of the cell and a plurality of adjustment factors, wherein each of the adjustment factors indicates an SSB-specific adjustment for a mapping between the ROs and the SSBs; deter-mining the mapping between the ROs and the SSBs at least partially based on the common number and the adjustment factors.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium of cross-link interference (CLI) measurement. In a method, a first apparatus receive, from a second apparatus, a configuration of a reference signal resource. The first apparatus receives, from the second apparatus, an indication for using the reference signal resource overlapping with a first subband for a transmission from the first apparatus to the second apparatus, for performing a measurement of a device-to-device CLI. Based on the indication, the first apparatus performs the measurement of the CLI on the reference signal resource that overlaps with the first subband for the transmission from the first apparatus to the second apparatus.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to enhanced pathloss reference signal (PL-RS) measurement. In an aspect, a terminal device receives, from a network device via a first cell, an activation command for activating at least one second cell. The terminal device receives, from the network device via the at least one second cell, at least one synchronized signal block (SSB) associated with the activation of the at least one second cell. The terminal device performs time and frequency synchronization based on the at least one SSB, and determines a first PL-RS based on the at least one SSB during the time and frequency synchronization. By implementing the embodiments of the present disclosure, the first PL-RS could be determined in parallel with/during the process of time and frequency synchronization and the terminal device is able to perform the PL-RS measurement before receiving the TCI activation command, thereby reducing SCell activation delay.
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method and an apparatus for data storage service related to internet of things (IoT) devices provided in communication network. A method (200) performed by a first network node may comprise: transmitting (S202), to a second network node, a first request for a data storage service related to Internet of Things, IoT, devices; and receiving (S204), from the second network node, a response for the first request. The response for the first request includes an indication about whether the first network node is authorized.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to satellite switch with resynchronization. In an aspect, a terminal device receives, from a network device, an indication for determining time for at least one operation associated with switching from a first satellite to a second satellite. The at least one operation comprises at least one of (i) initiating a resynchronization procedure to the network device via the second satellite or (ii) performing an uplink transmission via the second satellite. The terminal device performs the at least one operation based on the received indication. The embodiments of the present disclosure can avoid scheduling request (SR) bursts at the t-Service and NW overloading due to scheduling a large number of PUSCH transmissions. Therefore, UEs may suffer less risk of long interruptions, and the NW may schedule first UL transmissions of UEs through the target satellite in a distributed manner.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, and computer readable storage media for on-demand synchronization signal based secondary cell activation. In the methods, a first apparatus receives, from a second apparatus, a cell activation command on a first cell serving the first apparatus to indicate an activation of a second cell. Furthermore, the first apparatus receives a reference signal on the second cell. In addition, the first apparatus determines transmission information about a measurement report associated with the reference signal, for initiating or stopping a transmission of a synchronization signal from the second cell. Thereby, the proposed method can advantageously enable a more energy-efficient cell activation process while ensure the success of cell activation in aid of on-demand transmission of the synchronization signal.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to elimination of activation signal interference in a network, for example, an ambient Internet-of-Things (AIoT) network. In an aspect, a first device receives, from a second device, first configuration information comprising at least a reference signal (RS) pattern. The RS pattern indicates at least RS time positions in a first signal from a third device, during which the first signal will not be backscattered by a fourth device. In response to receiving one of the first signal or a combined signal, the first device extracts a second signal from the combined signal based on the first configuration information. The combined signal comprises a combination of the first signal and the second signal. By implementing the present disclosure, the interference caused by the activation signal to the backscattered signal could be efficiently reduced and useful data modulated on the backscattered signal could be obtained.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to operations in elimination of activation signal interference in a network, for example, an ambient Internet-of-Things (AIoT) network. In an aspect, a network device determines occurrence of a transmission for a first device, a signal of the transmission of the first device is to be used as a first signal; and determines a second device to be activated by the first signal to transmit a second signal. In another aspect, a network device determines occurrence of a need of a data report of a second device; and determines a transmission of a first device is to be used for activating the second device, a signal of the transmission of the first device is to be used as a first signal for activating the second device to transmit a second signal. As such, the determination of the activator device and AIoT device could be facilitated.
Embodiments of the present disclosure describes artificial intelligence (AI) /machine learning (ML) based channel state information (CSI) feedback. In an aspect, a network device determines, a categorization rule for grouping CSI. The network device transmits, to a terminal device, information of the categorization rule. The network device receives, from the terminal device, at least one monitoring measurement for AI/ML based CSI feedback, and the at least one monitoring measurement is generated based on the categorization rule. In this way, the monitoring measurement is generated based on the categorization rule, thereby the solution has low monitoring overhead and low computational complexity while maintaining high LCM efficiency.
Certain examples provide an apparatus (10, 110) comprising: means (11, 15) for receiving, via physical layer signaling from an access node (120), configuration information (502) for configuring the apparatus to: perform at least one crosslink interference, CLI, measurement on at least one first resource (503), and report the at least one CLI measurement via at least one second resource (504); means for performing (11) the at least one CLI measurement based at least in part on the configuration information; and means for reporting (11, 15) the at least one CLI measurement based at least in part on the configuration information.
Examples of the disclosure relate to enabling a user equipment (UE) to acquire the information needed to make On-Demand-System Information Block 1 (OD-SIB1) requests. The UE can receive an indication of a switch by a network node from a periodic SIB1 mode to an OD-SIB1 mode and determine if OD-SIB1 configuration information has been received from the network node. The UE determines, based at least in part, on the received indication, to apply the received OD-SIB1 configuration; and then applies the OD-SIB1 configuration.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to quality of service (QoS) measurement. In an aspect, a first network device triggers at least one QoS measurement over at least one data network user plane interface of a communication network and at least one network node of a data network. The first network device further transmits, to at least one second network device, a configuration comprising one or more measurement parameters for the at least one QoS measurement over the at least one data network user plane interface. As such, a solution for triggering and measuring the QoS metrics over at least N6 interface can be provided, and thus the QoS metrics can be better monitored and used for controlled or assisted (edge) application servers (AS or EAS) discovery or rediscovery.
Various embodiments provide a radio network node with wireless access backhaul and a method therein. In an embodiment, the method performed by a radio network node with wireless access backhaul comprises including wireless access backhaul (WAB) related information of the radio network node with wireless access backhaul in a message sent to a core network node, wherein the WAB related information comprises at least a first indication indicating that the radio network node is a radio network node with wireless access backhaul.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to cell activation. In an aspect, a terminal device determines a cell activation delay for each of to-be-activated cells in a first frequency range and a second frequency range, based on parallel cell activation of the terminal device for the first frequency range and the second frequency range. The terminal device activates the to-be-activated cell within the cell activation delay. As such, the terminal device can determine a time period to be used for cell activation based on parallel cell activation of the terminal device.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for uplink data channel scheduling via downlink control information (DCI) for downlink data channel scheduling. The method comprises: receiving, at a first apparatus from the second apparatus via DCI for downlink data channel scheduling, an indication of an aperiodic triggering state, wherein the indication of the aperiodic triggering state indicates one of a plurality of aperiodic triggering states for an uplink data channel, wherein the plurality of aperiodic triggering states represent different pre-configured uplink scheduling information; selecting the aperiodic triggering state among the plurality of aperiodic triggering states according to the received indication of the aperiodic triggering state; determining scheduling information for a transmission on the uplink data channel based on the selected aperiodic triggering state; and performing the transmission on the uplink data channel by using the determined scheduling information.
Various example embodiments of this disclosure relate to location based service management. In an aspect, a first network device receives first coarse location information of a terminal device during a service attempt procedure for the terminal device. Then, based on an event that the terminal device is not located within an area where the terminal device is allowed to be served, the first network device initiates a detach procedure for the terminal device, wherein determination of the event is based on the first coarse location information.
An apparatus comprising: means for receiving synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) in a cell; and means for receiving from a base station serving a cell, while operating in an SSB-less mode, an indication of an on-demand SSB period, during which SSB will be transmitted, that terminates upon expiry of a counter at the apparatus or terminates on reception at the apparatus of layer one (L1) signaling from the base station.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a terminal device, a network device, methods, apparatuses and a computer readable storage medium for resource mapping in the context of SBFD. A terminal device receives a configuration from a network device, where the configuration indicates discontinuous first and second downlink subbands. The terminal device receives a DCI which includes an indication indicating a symmetric FDRA mapping rule, then a downlink resource for downlink data may be determined. As such, the overhead can be reduced and the downlink resources may be used more efficiently.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to transmission mechanisms for devices, such as, ambient IoT devices. In an example method, a first device receives a first transmission from a second device. The first transmission is based on an identifier (ID), and the ID is associated with a plurality of devices in a communication link. Then, the first device determines that the ID related to the first transmission is associated with the first device, and performs a second transmission to a third device. In this way, by introducing the ID, only one ID (i.e., the ID) needs to be stored at the first device which is, for example, an ambient internet of things (AIoT) device, and thus AIoT complexity can be reduced.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a solution for determining available slots for uplink repetitions. In the solution, the first apparatus, determines whether an uplink channel resource in a sub-band non-overlapping full-duplex, SBFD, slot is available for an uplink channel transmission based on at least one attribute of the uplink channel resource; performs, based on the determination, at least one uplink channel transmission on at least one uplink sub-bands of one or more SBFD slots.
Example embodiments of the disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods and computer readable storage medium for sensing coherent processing. In a method, a first apparatus receives at least one measurement report from a second apparatus. The at least one measurement report indicates signal quality and channel stability associated with a sensing signal, for coherent processing of measurement results of the sensing signal. Based at least in part on the signal quality and the channel stability, the first apparatus determines at least one configuration for sensing an object using the sensing signal.
Apparatuses and methods in a communication system are disclosed. Antenna elements are used for transmitting, elements located in columns with two antennas per column. First transmission (422) having a reference signal utilises a first set of elements, while muting reference signals of other elements. Measurement report comprising first phase offset information regarding the first set of elements is received (426). A second transmission (430) having a reference signal utilises a second set of elements located in different columns while muting reference signals of the transmissions of other elements. Measurement report comprising second phase offset information regarding the second set of elements is received (432). Differentials are calculated between the phase offset informations and the phase offsets adjusted (434) of the transmissions to be similar by applying a phase shift correction based on the differentials.
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systemsMulti-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
An apparatus for use in an Optical Network Unit, ONU, communicatively connected to an Optical Line Terminal, OLT, is caused to perform setting the ONU into a deep sleep mode, wherein, in the deep sleep mode, a data processing and control unit of the ONU is powered off and a photodiode of the ONU is active, and wherein the photodiode is configured to receive a downstream signal from the OLT and the data processing and control unit is configured to process downstream signal received from the OLT; detecting a change in an average power based on the downstream signal received by the photodiode from the OLT; activating the data processing and control unit of the ONU based on the detected change.
An apparatus for a network device, the apparatus comprising at least one processor, and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network device to: determine a first gain associated with a received signal, wherein the first gain characterizes a difference between a first signal to noise ratio obtainable by processing the received signal using a first technique based on interference rejection combining and a second signal to noise ratio obtainable by processing the received signal using a second technique different from the first technique, select, based on the first gain, a power control strategy out of a plurality of power control strategies for a terminal device associated with the received signal, at least temporarily apply the selected power control strategy for the terminal device.
A federated learning (FL) procedure is disclosed between a SMO/Non-RT RIC acting as FL aggregator and a Near-RT RIC/E2 node acting as a FL client. The SMO configures a plurality of Near-real time radio access network intelligence controllers (Near-RT RIC) or E2 nodes of the an open radio access network to perform local training of a machine learning local model available in each of the Near-real time radio access network intelligence controllers (Near-RT RIC) or E2 nodes and generate a trained machine learning local model. The trained machine learning local models are then aggregated by the SMO to generate a machine learning global model which is distributed to the Near-RT RIC/E2 nodes. Configuration of the local model in the Near-RT RIC/E2 nodes can be achieved via O1 configuration management notification.
H04L 41/16 - Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks using machine learning or artificial intelligence
H04W 24/02 - Arrangements for optimising operational condition
An optical modulator assembly includes an RF drive circuit and a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) arranged on a substrate. The PIC includes an RF transmission line formed with a pair of drive electrodes, an optical waveguide extending between and along the drive electrodes of the pair. The RF drive circuit is electrically connected to drive the RF transmission line to modulate light propagating in the optical waveguide. The RF transmission line and the optical waveguide are propagation velocity mismatched. The RF drive circuit is configured to cause the optical modulator assembly to have a peaking in an electrical frequency response thereof to compensate for a propagation velocity mismatch between the RF transmission line and the optical waveguide.
G02F 1/225 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference in an optical waveguide structure
G02F 1/21 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference
77.
METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR MANAGEMENT OF CROSS-LINK INTERFERENCE
Methods, apparatus and computer-readable medium are disclosed for management of cross-link interference (CLI). In an embodiment, there is provided a method performed at a terminal device. The method comprises receiving, from a base station, a message about a CLI measurement configuration and a CLI report configuration for subband non-overlapping full duplex (SBFD) operation mode. The CLI measurement configuration indicates a measurement window duration, and the CLI report configuration indicates how to report first information about at least part of slots of the measurement window duration and second information about values of measured CLI in the at least part of the slots of the measurement window duration. The method further comprises performing a first CLI measurement per slot within the measurement window duration without time-filtering of values of measured CLI. The method further comprises reporting a result of the first CLI measurements per slot to the base station based on the CLI report configuration.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to device proximity determination. In an aspect, a first device transmits, to a second device, a first configuration for transmitting at least one signal emulating at least one transmission from a fourth device. The first device further transmits, to a plurality of third devices, a second configuration for receiving the at least one signal. The first device receives, from at least one third device among the plurality of third devices, at least one measurement report based on the second configuration. The first device determines, based on the at least one measurement report, a device pair comprising the second device and a third device among the plurality of third devices. In this way, a third device (such as, a reader) proximity detection can be implemented without involvement of a fourth device (such as, an A-IoT device), and different proximity ranges can be emulated.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a solution for reporting measurement results in subband non-overlapping full duplex (SBFD) scenario. In the solution, a first apparatus, receives, from a second apparatus, a configuration indicating a first size for a part of a subband and aggregation information for the subband; performs measurements of device-to-device cross-link interference related to a first part of the subband and a second part of the subband, the second part being adjacent to the first part; performs an aggregation of the first part and the second part based on the measurements of device-to-device cross-link interference, the first size and the aggregation information; and transmits, to the second apparatus, a measurement report at least based on a result of the aggregation.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure are related to measurement on a carrier aggregation (CA) cell. A first apparatus receives, from a second apparatus, a request to perform a measurement on a second cell which is different from a first cell serving the first apparatus. The request is comprised in downlink control information. The first apparatus then provides, to the second apparatus, an indication indicating whether a result of the measurement meets at least one condition.
There is provided an apparatus comprising means for receiving at least one group identifier from an access node of a target network when the apparatus is registered with a source network, wherein the source network and the target network are of different radio access technology types and means for providing a measurement report relating to the access node of the target network to the source network, the measurement report comprising an indication of the at least one group identifier.
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method and an apparatus for generating key during switch of serving network node. A method (300) performed by a first network node in a communication network comprises: obtaining (S302) an identifier of a second network node; computing (S304) a key to be used for a communication between the second network node and a terminal device, based at least on the identifier of the second network node. The identifier of the second network node differentiates the second network node from at least the first network node. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure propose a mechanism that provides a workable security solution framework for new key computation during switch of serving network nodes. The security risk due to repeated keys may be avoid.
There is provided a method performed by a communication device, the method comprising: receiving, from a core network node of a first communication network, a list of one or more group identities with which the communication device is associated, and receiving, when in idle mode and camped in a first cell of the first communication network, from a radio access network, RAN, node of a second communication network, a group identity associated with a second cell provided by the RAN node, wherein the first communication network and the second communication network are associated with different radio access technologies. The method further comprises: determining to initiate a cell re-selection to the second cell based on the list of one or more group identities and the group identity associated with the second cell, and initiating, based on the determining, a cell re-selection to the second cell.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a solution for reporting measurement results in Sub-band full duplex (SBFD) scenario. In the solution, a first apparatus, determines size information for at least one part of a subband, the size information at least comprising a size for the at least one part of the subband, the size being associated with at least one of a bandwidth of the subband or a location of the at least one part in the subband. The first apparatus performs measurements of interference on the at least one part of the subband based on the size information and transmits, to a second apparatus, a measurement report based on a result of the measurements
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to synchronization signal block (SSB) transmission. In an aspect, a first apparatus receives, from a second apparatus providing a first serving cell for the first apparatus, a configuration message associated with a cell to be activated as a second serving cell for the first apparatus. The first apparatus receives, from the cell, a first SSB set with a first periodicity and a second SSB set with a second periodicity. The first periodicity is shorter than the second periodicity. The embodiments of the present disclosure can reduce cell activation delay. In the meanwhile, the SSB transmission may be performed in an energy efficient manner
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for bandwidth part (BWP) switching. The method comprises: receiving, at a first apparatus, a sub-band non-overlapping full duplex (SBFD) configuration from a second apparatus; determining, based on the SBFD configuration, whether an active BWP of the first apparatus contains at least one SBFD sub-band or whether the active BWP of the first apparatus overlaps with one or more SBFD sub-bands; and performing, based on the determination, a SBFD operation by using the SBFD configuration.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to cross-link interference (CLI) reporting. In an aspect, a terminal device receives, from a network device, a CLI measurement configuration indicating that a threshold for CLI reporting is adjustable. The terminal device further adjusts the threshold based on downlink (DL) channel quality, and transmits, to the network device, a CLI report based on a CLI measurement and the adjusted threshold. In this way, the CLI reporting can be triggered based on the adaptive threshold efficiently, thus transmissions of the unnecessary CLI reporting can be reduced.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to, apparatuses, methods, and computer readable medium for mapping virtual resource blocks, VRBs, to physical resource blocks, PRBs. In a method, a first apparatus receives a resource allocation for a transmission on sub-band full duplex, SBFD, symbols. The resource allocation is indicative of VRB bundles. The first apparatus determines PRB bundles by applying a mapping rule on the VRB bundles. The determined PRB bundles comprise a first portion of the PRB bundles in a first downlink sub-band and a second portion of the PRB bundles in a second downlink sub-band without overlapping with an uplink sub-band. The uplink sub-band for the first apparatus is located between the first downlink sub-band and the second downlink sub-band. The applying the mapping rule comprises: determining, based at least on the resource allocation, a smallest index of the PRB bundles overlapping with the second downlink sub-band.
Apparatus and methods are described. The apparatus comprises means for receiving, in a User Equipment, UE, a request to activate or deactivate a data importance-based Service Data Unit, SDU, discard function. The apparatus may comprise means for determining whether, accounting for the request, activation of the data importance-based SDU discard function remains requested by one or more lower layers than a Packet Data Convergence Protocol, PDCP, layer. The apparatus may comprise means for setting the data importance-based SDU discard function to an activated or deactivated state, or inhibiting its activation, based on the determination; and/or setting an uplink data split threshold based on the determination. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus may comprise means for setting the data importance-based SDU discard function to an activated or deactivated state in dependence on the request, and on a Radio Resource Control, RRC, configuration of an uplink data split threshold.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to user plane traffic mapping. In an aspect, a first network device establishes a protocol data unit (PDU) session using a first user plane function (UPF) serving a terminal device connected with the first network device. The first network device determines a rule to be used for traffic detection and mapping at a second UPF used for wireless access backhauling for the first network device, based on transport network layer (TNL) information. In this way, the user plane traffic mapping, especially traffic mapping between a QoS flow of a terminal device and a QoS flow of mobile termination of a relay node can be improved.
Example embodiments of the disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods and a computer readable medium for requesting a subband full duplex (SBFD) structure. In a method, a first apparatus, which may be incapable of at least some of SBFD functionalities, receives, from a second apparatus, a configuration of a pool of at least one SBFD structure. The first apparatus determines a SBFD structure from the pool and transmit, to the second apparatus, a message of a random access procedure to request the determined SBFD structure. Then, the first apparatus receives, from the second apparatus, a configuration of a dedicated SBFD structure that corresponds to the determined SBFD structure; or uplink scheduling that is based on the determined SBFD structure.
A method performed by a network entity, the method comprising: creating a request for a core network node of a first network of a first radio access technology to store a list of one or more Closed Subscriber Group, CSG, identities of a second network of a second radio access technology for a User Equipment, the request comprising the list; sending the request to the core network node.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to positioning measurement and reporting. In an aspect, a terminal device receives, from a network device, configuration information related to the number of frequency hops of a reference signal (RS) for a positioning measurement. The terminal device performs, based on the configuration information, the positioning measurement using one or more frequency hops of the RS. The terminal device transmits a measurement report for the positioning measurement to the network device. In this way, the positioning accuracy of the terminal device is improved.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to synchronization at a device for communication. In an aspect, a first device obtains time information of a time point at which an activation signal is to be transmitted by the first device. Then, the first device transmit the activation signal comprising the time information. Accordingly, the second device receives, from the first device, the activation signal comprising time information of a time point at which the activation signal is transmitted by the first device. Then, the second device performs a synchronization operation based on the time information. In this way, the second device (such as an A-IoT device) can be synchronized for communication with low power consumption, thereby improving communication performance and power saving of the second device.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to transmission and receiving windows for device. In an aspect, a first device receives, from a third device, first information associated with a transmission window for the first device. The first device performs, based on the first information, a first signal transmission to a fourth device. In this way, a semi-autonomous manner for support AIoT transmissions within cellular network is implemented. Support of the efficient activation or deactivation of Ambient IoT device may be under a proper control of the network.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium of control channel monitoring in a sub-band non-overlapping full duplex (SBFD). In a method, a first apparatus determines that a first transmission from the first apparatus collides with a control channel monitoring occasion in a first SBFD slot. A second transmission from the first apparatus or to the first apparatus in a second slot is schedulable by the control channel monitoring occasion. The first apparatus determines to prioritize the control channel monitoring occasion over the first transmission based on a condition being satisfied. The condition being satisfied is based on at least one of: a time domain distance between the first SBFD slot and the second slot, or a time location of a control channel monitoring occasion before the first SBFD slot.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions for energy-efficient scheduling and timing mechanism in wireless communication. In an example method, a terminal device receives a monitoring configuration and/or a transmission configuration for the terminal device, wherein the monitoring configuration and/or the transmission configuration is determined based on at least one of a DRX configuration of a wireless device for activating data transmission of the terminal device, a DRX configuration of a receiving device for receiving data from the terminal device, a transmission window configuration of the wireless device, a receiving window configuration of the receiving device, data traffic of the terminal device, and stored energy status of energy storage of the terminal device.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for positioning measurement and reporting based on frequency hopping. In an example method, a first device receives a request to perform positioning for a terminal device. The request relates to a number of frequency hops of uplink reference signal (RS) resources for positioning. The first device transmits, to the terminal device and based on the request, a configuration of the uplink RS resources. The first device performs at least one uplink positioning measurement for the uplink RS resources. The first device transmits, to the second device, a measurement report for the at least one uplink positioning measurement. In this way, the second network device (such as, an LMF) can use the positioning measurements based on the number of frequency hops used for the positioning measurements, and accuracy of UE positioning, especially of RedCap UE positioning, can be enhanced.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a solution for determining uplink repetitions. In the solution, the first apparatus obtains, from a second apparatus, an indication for the first apparatus to determine a number of uplink channel repetitions in a sub-band non-overlapping full-duplex, SBFD, operation, wherein the first apparatus is configured with SBFD resources in a time domain and a frequency domain; and determines the number of uplink channel repetitions to be used at least based on the indication.
The present subject matter relates to a transmitter that is configured for receiving a sequence of datasets of a low-latency application, each dataset of the datasets comprising a succession of a first sub-dataset and a second sub-dataset; successively transmitting radio frequency signals in an order of the sequence of the datasets such that the number of radio frequency signals is equal to the number of datasets, each radio frequency signal of the radio frequency signals comprising a dataset of the datasets; wherein the transmitting of the radio frequency signals is performed such that: a minimum fraction of starting points of time of the radio frequency signals is in an earliest scheduling time slot or in an earliest but one scheduling time slot of a transmission period of the transmission periods.
