A method and apparatus are provided for automatically distributing pre-shared keys (PSKs) in a secure communication network. A first security association (SA) or secured message (SM) is created between two endpoints based on a first PSK. Then, one or more subsequent PSKs are distributed between the endpoints with secure communication support by the first SA or SM. Based on one of the subsequent PSKs, a second security association is formed between the endpoints. Messages between the endpoints can then be transmitted with secure communication support by the second SA or SM.
An apparatus, method and computer program includes: transmitting signals to a node of a mobile communication system using a device having one or more non-trainable transmitter modules and one or more trainable transmitter modules, wherein said one or more trainable transmitter modules include a trainable modulator configured to generate complex symbols from a learned constellation.
COMBINED PHYSICAL RESOURCE BLOCK SELECTION, LAYER SELECTION AND POWER ALLOCATION FOR MULTIPLE CO-SCHEDULED USER DEVICES, AND RELATED DEVICES, METHODS AND COMPUTER PROGRAMS
Devices, methods and computer programs for combined physical resource block (PRB) selection, layer selection and power allocation for downlink transmission to multiple co-scheduled user devices are disclosed. At least some example embodiments may allow jointly selecting user device ranks, PRBs allocated, and power per user device for the downlink transmission with zero-forcing (ZF) precoding subject to per-antenna power constraints (PAPCs), thereby increasing user device throughputs.
H04B 7/0456 - Sélection de matrices de pré-codage ou de livres de codes, p. ex. utilisant des matrices pour pondérer des antennes
H04W 52/14 - Analyse séparée de la liaison montante ou de la liaison descendante
H04W 52/26 - Commande de puissance d'émission [TPC Transmission power control] le TPC étant effectué selon des paramètres spécifiques utilisant le débit de transmission ou la qualité de service [QoS Quality of Service]
H04W 52/34 - Gestion du TPC, c.-à-d. partage de la quantité limitée de puissance entre les utilisateurs ou les canaux ou encore les types de données, p. ex. charge des cellules
H04W 52/36 - Commande de puissance d'émission [TPC Transmission power control] utilisant les limitations de la quantité totale de puissance d'émission disponible avec une plage ou un ensemble discrets de valeurs, p. ex. incrément, variation graduelle ou décalages
H04W 52/24 - Commande de puissance d'émission [TPC Transmission power control] le TPC étant effectué selon des paramètres spécifiques utilisant le rapport signal sur parasite [SIR Signal to Interference Ratio] ou d'autres paramètres de trajet sans fil
Example embodiments of the disclosure relate to methods, apparatuses, and a computer readable medium for mode switch. In a method, a first apparatus receives, from a second apparatus, indication information related to a mode switch from a sub-band full-duplex (SBFD) mode to a time division duplex (TDD) mode within a serving cell. based on the indication information, the first apparatus triggers a timer related to the mode switch. In accordance with a determination that the timer expires and based on that the first apparatus is to stay in the serving cell, the first apparatus performs the mode switch from the SBFD mode to the TDD mode.
A multi-layer printed circuit board (PCB), includes a first plurality of layers, each having a plurality of signal traces disposed thereon, a second plurality of layers, each having a voltage plane disposed thereon, and a plurality of plated-through-hole vias disposed between a first surface of the multi-layer PCB and a second surface of the multi-layer PCB, wherein each plated-through-hole via includes a conductive barrel, wherein a first layer of the first plurality of layers includes a backdrill clearance region around a first plated-through-hole via in which no signal traces are disposed, and a first voltage plane on a first layer of the second plurality of layers is in contact with the conductive barrel of the first plated-through-hole via. In various embodiments, portions of the barrel of a plated-through-hole via are removed by, for example, backdrilling. Various embodiments advantageously provide improvements to signal-to-reference overlap, and to power plane current-carrying capacity.
There is provided a method, computer program, and first apparatus for causing the first apparatus to perform: causing a modified codeword to be formed by combining a noisy codeword received over a channel with a proxy codeword; and causing the modified codeword to be provided to a decoder for decoding.
H04L 1/00 - Dispositions pour détecter ou empêcher les erreurs dans l'information reçue
H03M 13/11 - Détection d'erreurs ou correction d'erreurs transmises par redondance dans la représentation des données, c.-à-d. mots de code contenant plus de chiffres que les mots source utilisant un codage par blocs, c.-à-d. un nombre prédéterminé de bits de contrôle ajouté à un nombre prédéterminé de bits d'information utilisant plusieurs bits de parité
7.
DEVICES, METHODS, APPARATUSES, AND COMPUTER READABLE MEDIA FOR SCHEDULING REQUEST
Disclosed are devices, methods, apparatuses, and computer readable media for a scheduling request and a radio protocol stack. An example apparatus for a terminal device may include at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory may store instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the apparatus at least to: receive a configuration of scheduling request, SR, defining a first resource for transmission of a SR requesting an uplink resource for a first protocol stack and a second resource for transmission of a SR requesting an uplink resource for a second protocol stack; determine to trigger the SR requesting the uplink resource for at least one protocol stack of the first protocol stack and the second protocol stack; determine a protocol stack from the first protocol stack and the second protocol stack for transmission of the SR; and transmit, based on the determining of the protocol stack, to a network device, the SR on the first resource or the second resource.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage media for location determination. In example embodiments, a first device transmits, to a second device, a first request for indoor or outdoor information of a user equipment. Moreover, the first device receives, from the second device, indoor or outdoor analytics information of the user equipment.
Devices, methods and computer programs for machine learning (ML)-based secondary cell selection for carrier aggregation (CA) are disclosed. At least some example embodiments may allow dynamically predicting a secondary cell weight parameter which may influence a network node decision in selecting secondary cells for user devices.
H04W 24/02 - Dispositions pour optimiser l'état de fonctionnement
H04L 41/5009 - Détermination des paramètres de rendement du niveau de service ou violations des contrats de niveau de service, p. ex. violations du temps de réponse convenu ou du temps moyen entre l’échec [MTBF]
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to capturing sensing RF environmental features. In an aspect, a first device determines mapping information between a plurality of sets of radio frequency (RF) environmental features and a plurality of report format rules related to RF environmental channel state. The plurality of sets of RF environmental features correspond to a plurality of sensing services. The first device, based on receiving a sensing request related to a sensing service, transmits, to a second device, a request message for requesting a measurement report of an RF environmental measurement for the sensing request. The measurement report is based on a report format rule among the plurality of report format rules, and wherein the mapping information indicates that the report format rule is associated with a set of RF environmental features of the sensing service. In this way, the measurement result may meet particular sensing requirements for a specific sensing service from a variety of dimensions.
Disclosed is a method comprising receiving, from one or more E2 nodes of a radio access network, an E2 setup request message indicating a capability of the one or more E2 nodes for operating as a federated learning client in a federated learning process; determining to initiate the federated learning process for the one or more E2 nodes that indicated the capability for operating as the federated learning client; and transmitting, to the one or more E2 nodes, an RIC control request message comprising an indication to initiate the federated learning process.
H04W 8/18 - Traitement de données utilisateur ou abonné, p. ex. services faisant l'objet d'un abonnement, préférences utilisateur ou profils utilisateurTransfert de données utilisateur ou abonné
An optical line terminal, OLT, for a passive optical network, PON, configured to perform activation of an optical network unit, ONU, by performing receiving a request for activation from the ONU, the request comprising a serial number of the ONU; obtaining a distinction tag associated with the ONU; allocating an ONU identifier to the ONU based on a unique combination of the serial number and the distinction tag; and transmitting at least one message including the ONU identifier and the serial number onto the PON, allowing the ONU to retrieve the ONU identifier from the at least one message based on the serial number and the distinction tag.
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method and an apparatus for feeder link switchover in communication network. A method (300) performed by a first network node comprises: communicating (S302) with a second network node and a third network node using a first feeder link; performing (S304) the feeder link switchover by setting up a second feeder link; transmitting (S306), to the second network node, a second message to manage a control plane interface between the first network node and the second network node; and switching (S308) a communication between the first network node and the second network node, and/or a communication between the first network node and the third network node, to the second feeder link. The second message comprises a transport network layer, TNL, parameter related to the second feeder link. The interruption or even loss of the data transmission caused by the feeder link switchover may be reduced.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to measurement relaxation. In an aspect, a terminal device determines a short discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle and a long DRX cycle configured for the terminal device. Based on at least one of the short DRX cycle or the long DRX cycle, the terminal device determines at least one of (i) whether the terminal device is allowed to relax a measurement, or (ii) a relaxed evaluation period for the measurement. In this way, the UE behavior is predictable and thus communication efficiency or effectiveness in a communication system can be improved.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to measurement relaxation. In an aspect, a terminal device determines a first discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle configured for a master cell group (MCG) of the terminal device and a second DRX cycle configured for a secondary cell group (SCG) of the terminal device. The terminal device determines, based on at least one of the first DRX cycle or the second DRX cycle, whether the terminal device is allowed to relax at least one of first measurement on the MCG or second measurement on the SCG. In this way, the UE behavior is predictable and thus communication efficiency or effectiveness in a communication system can be improved.
Example embodiments of the disclosure relate to, apparatuses, methods and computer readable medium for automatic gain control (AGC). In a method, a first apparatus monitors resource information for a first transmission to be transmitted by a second apparatus or a second transmission to be transmitted by a third apparatus. The first apparatus determines that a transmission starting or end point of the second transmission overlaps or is within a time resource of the first transmission, based on the resource information. The first apparatus determines that the second transmission is to cause analogue-to-digital converter saturation or quantization noise, based on first and second estimated receiving power associated with the first transmission and the second transmission, and based on AGC parameters of the first or second apparatus. The first apparatus performs an action or transmits an indication that an action is to be performed for gain control based on the determining.
A photonic chip for optical frequency conversion includes a substrate, and a planar optical waveguide disposed along a surface of the substrate. The optical waveguide has an optical core of periodically-poled thin-film ferroelectric material, the thickness of the optical core varying along the optical waveguide. The width of the optical core varies therealong in a manner correlated with variations of the thickness of the optical core along the optical waveguide, e.g. in a manner complementary to measured variations of the thickness.
The present disclosure relates to an apparatus. The apparatus comprises: Two or more antenna panels with different boresight directions comprising a plurality of antenna elements. At least one antenna panel within the two or more antenna panels is configured to reflect signals emitted by the two or more antenna panels. At least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code. The at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: Mitigating interference of beams corresponding to the two or more antenna panels.
H01Q 15/18 - Surfaces réfléchissantesStructures équivalentes comportant une pluralité de surfaces inclinées les unes par rapport aux autres, p. ex. réflecteur trirectangle
H04B 7/08 - Systèmes de diversitéSystèmes à plusieurs antennes, c.-à-d. émission ou réception utilisant plusieurs antennes utilisant plusieurs antennes indépendantes espacées à la station de réception
Method comprising: receiving, for each of plural times, a respective first indication indicating that a first base station adopted a respective beam setting at the respective time; storing, in a database, for each of the plural times, the respective beam setting adopted, according to the respective first indication, by the first base station at the respective time along with the respective time; monitoring whether a request for the beam setting adopted by the first base station in a time period is received; retrieving, from the database, the one or more beam settings adopted, according to the database, by the first base station in the time period if the request is received; reporting the retrieved one or more beam settings adopted, according to the database, by the first base station in the time period in a response to the request.
H04W 24/10 - Planification des comptes-rendus de mesures
H04B 7/06 - Systèmes de diversitéSystèmes à plusieurs antennes, c.-à-d. émission ou réception utilisant plusieurs antennes utilisant plusieurs antennes indépendantes espacées à la station d'émission
H04W 76/38 - Libération de la connexion déclenchée par une temporisation
The present disclosure relates to an apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code. The at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: Obtaining a frequency domain signal comprising a plurality of tones. Generating, based on the frequency domain signal, a time domain signal comprising a plurality of samples. Determining whether at least one sample within the plurality of samples meets an amplitude threshold; and performing, in response to the at least one sample meeting the amplitude threshold, a tone puncturing procedure.
According to an example embodiment, an apparatus comprises a capacitor mesh circuit comprising a plurality of signal lines and a bitcell array comprising a plurality of bitcells.
Apparatuses and methods in a communication system are disclosed. A signal is received. The signal comprises demodulation reference information. The apparatus compute estimates of the channel and of interference-plus-noise vectors. The interference-plus-noise vectors are used as input for choosing a tapering matrix and for determining shrinkage target matrix and parameter. An interference plus noise covariance matrix estimator is computed and used in an equalizer, which has as input an estimate of the interference-plus-noise covariance matrix.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to emergency services. In an aspect, if a routing location request associated with a terminal device is for an emergency call, a network device initiates a single location procedure for multiple location reports for the terminal device. Based on receiving a first routing location request from a first routing entity, the network device transmits a first positioning result among a first plurality of positioning results of the terminal device obtained during the single location procedure for multiple location reports. Based on receiving a second routing location request from a second routing entity, the network device transmits a second positioning result among a second plurality of positioning results of the terminal device obtained during the single location procedure for the multiple location reports. In this way, the emergency regulatory requirements for routing is met.
H04W 4/16 - Services supplémentaires liés aux communications, p. ex. transfert ou mise en attente d'appels
24.
APPARATUS, METHOD AND COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR PROVISIONING CLOSED ACCESS GROUP INFORMATION TO A USER EQUIPMENT AND FOR CONTROLLING ACCESS OF THE USER EQUIPMENT TO A NETWORK
There is provided an apparatus comprising means for receiving information relating to a closed access group for the user equipment, wherein the closed access group comprises a plurality of cells and is associated with a visited network, and wherein the information comprises one or more allowed closed access group identifiers, each allowed closed access group identifier associated with one or more cells of the plurality of cells comprised in the closed access group allowed for the user equipment, means for receiving from the plurality of cells comprised in the closed access group, one or more closed access group identifiers associated with the cell broadcast by the cell, means for determining, based on the one or more allowed closed group identifiers associated with the cell and the one or more closed group identifiers received from the cell, to access the visited network via the cell and means for accessing the visited network via the cell.
Various example embodiments for supporting object detection in machine vision systems are presented herein. Various example embodiments for supporting object detection in machine vision systems may be configured to support range extension for object detection in machine vision systems. Various example embodiments for supporting object detection in machine vision systems may be configured to support elastic and efficient range extension for object detection in machine vision systems. Various example embodiments for supporting elastic and efficient range extension for object detection in machine vision systems may be configured to supporting elastic and efficient range extension for object detection in machine vision systems based on use of image slicing.
G06V 10/12 - Détails des dispositions d’acquisitionLeurs détails structurels
G06V 10/25 - Détermination d’une région d’intérêt [ROI] ou d’un volume d’intérêt [VOI]
G06V 10/70 - Dispositions pour la reconnaissance ou la compréhension d’images ou de vidéos utilisant la reconnaissance de formes ou l’apprentissage automatique
G06V 20/52 - Activités de surveillance ou de suivi, p. ex. pour la reconnaissance d’objets suspects
26.
ENHANCEMENTS TO SESSION INITIATION PROTOCOL COMMUNICATION
NOKIA SOLUTIONS AND NETWORKS INVESTMENT (CHINA) CO., LTD. (Chine)
Inventeur(s)
Cui, Li Jun
Abrégé
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to enhancements to Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) communication. A method comprises receiving, at a user agent client and from an upstream network element, a session initiation protocol, SIP, INVITE request; retrieving a request uniform request identifier, URI, of the SIP INVITE request; appending a first indication of the request URI to the SIP INVITE request; and transmitting, to a user agent server, the SIP INVITE request appended with the first indication.
There is provided a method performed by a mobile device, the method comprising: receiving, from an application running on the mobile device, an input defining an intent of the application, the intent being expressed using a first vocabulary set; generating, using a first neural network and based on the intent, a message for requesting a network slice selection for the application, the message being expressed using a second vocabulary set; sending the generated message to a network node; receiving, from the network node, information indicating a network slice selected for use by the application; determining whether the selected network slice satisfies the intent; and updating the first neural network based on the result of the determining.
An apparatus, method and computer program is described including: receiving radio frequency signals from first and second transmit chains of a MIMO system at first and second inputs of an radio frequency module respectively; providing first and second outputs of the radio frequency module to first and second antenna elements of the MIMO system respectively; routing radio frequency signals from the first and second inputs to the first and second outputs respectively in a first mode of operation; and routing radio frequency signals from the second input to both the first and second outputs in a second mode of operation in which the first transmit chain is deactivated.
Various example embodiments of this disclosure relate to a computing service and an associated service data flow. In an aspect, a first network device obtains first information for establishing a service session between a second network device and a compute node, and configures the second network device with a rule forwarding a service data flow of the terminal device from the second network device to the compute node. The first network device transmits an identifier to the terminal device. The identifier is assigned by the first network device for the first PDU session so as to identify the service data flow in the forwarding of the service data flow by the second network device. As such, solution (s) for improving computing aware traffic steering are provided, thereby facilitating (e.g., guaranteeing) service data to be steered from the terminal device to a desired compute node.
INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE (France)
Inventeur(s)
Koteshwar Srinath, Pavan
Jeannerot, Alix
Valcarce Rial, Alvaro
Abrégé
An apparatus for a network device, the apparatus comprising at least one processor, and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network device to: jointly determine, for a plurality of terminal devices, first information characterizing at least two of the following elements: a) a rank, or b) a resource scheduling, or c) a transmit power, transmit at least a respective part of the first information to a respective terminal device.
H04L 5/00 - Dispositions destinées à permettre l'usage multiple de la voie de transmission
H04W 52/04 - Commande de puissance d'émission [TPC Transmission power control]
H04W 72/23 - Canaux de commande ou signalisation pour la gestion des ressources dans le sens descendant de la liaison sans fil, c.-à-d. en direction du terminal
31.
NEGOTIATION APPLICABILITY FOR INACTIVE OR IDLE RECEPTION OF A MULTICAST SERVICE
An apparatus, in a user equipment, is provided. the apparatus comprising: at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code. the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to receive an indication whether a transmission mode for inactive/idle reception of multicast is applied for a multicast session, and based on the indication, perform procedures to enable reception of the multicast session using the transmission mode for inactive/idle mode reception.
According to embodiments of the present disclosure. there is provided a time sequence protection circuit. The time sequence protection circuit comprises a first resistor coupled to a positive input pin; a first diode having an anode terminal coupled to the first resistor at a first node and a cathode terminal coupled to a second node: a capacitor coupled between the second node and a negative input pin; a second diode having an anode terminal coupled to the first node and a cathode terminal coupled to an output pin; a third diode having an anode terminal coupled to the output pin and a cathode terminal coupled to the positive input pin; and at least one of: a fourth diode having an anode terminal coupled to the second node and a cathode terminal coupled to the positive input pin, and a second resistor coupled between the second node and the negative input pin. Such arrangement enables slow turning-on and fast turning-off of the controlled circuit and can also resist interference.
H02H 7/10 - Circuits de protection de sécurité spécialement adaptés aux machines ou aux appareils électriques de types particuliers ou pour la protection sectionnelle de systèmes de câble ou de ligne, et effectuant une commutation automatique dans le cas d'un changement indésirable des conditions normales de travail pour convertisseursCircuits de protection de sécurité spécialement adaptés aux machines ou aux appareils électriques de types particuliers ou pour la protection sectionnelle de systèmes de câble ou de ligne, et effectuant une commutation automatique dans le cas d'un changement indésirable des conditions normales de travail pour redresseurs
H02H 1/04 - Dispositions pour prévenir la réponse à des conditions transitoires anormales, p. ex. à la foudre
H02M 1/36 - Moyens pour mettre en marche ou arrêter les convertisseurs
33.
APPARATUS AND METHOD OF SCHEDULING AND OPERATING PROCESSORS FOR DECODING FORWARD ERROR CORRECTION CODEWORDS
An apparatus for and a method of operating processors (108) for decoding forward error correction, FEC, codewords. Activation of a processor (108) for decoding FEC codewords is inhibited when a rate of an increment in processors (108) that are active for decoding FEC codewords is larger than a first threshold.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for flexible scheduling for ambient internet of things (A-IoT) communication. The method comprises: receiving, at a first apparatus from a second apparatus, a configuration of at least two candidate resource sets for a transmission of the first apparatus; determining an energy status of the first apparatus, wherein the energy status of the first apparatus is based on a battery level of the first apparatus or a device comprising the first apparatus; selecting, from the at least two candidate resource sets at least partly based on the energy status, a target resource set for the transmission of the first apparatus; and performing a transmission based on the selected target resource set to the second apparatus or a third apparatus.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to discovery of devices. In one aspect, a first device receives a first message from a second device, and the first message requests the first device to discover at least one third device. The first device then transmits a second message in response to the first message to the second device. In this way, the first device may assist the second device in discovering the at least one third device. Therefore, interference and collision issues can be mitigated, and positioning overhead and power consumption may be reduced.
A software-defined network controller includes at least one processor and memory storing computer-executable instructions coupled to the at least one processor. The at least one processor is configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to cause the software-defined network controller to monitor performance characteristics of a machine learning trust manager, and evaluate the performance characteristics to determine whether the machine learning trust manager satisfies a performance threshold. In response to determining that the machine learning trust manager fails to satisfy the performance threshold, the processor deactivates the machine learning trust manager, and activates a deterministic trust manager in place of the machine learning trust manager.
A network function distributed to and implemented by data centers, using a service communication proxy, may not be suitable for performing functions utilizing user-aware needs. A method for distributing a network function utilizing user-aware needs includes receiving user-aware information, calculating a network configuration for a plurality of network functions based on the user-aware information, and transmitting the network configuration to at least one connectivity agent.
H04L 41/0826 - Réglages de configuration caractérisés par les objectifs d’un changement de paramètres, p. ex. l’optimisation de la configuration pour améliorer la fiabilité pour la réduction des coûts du réseau
H04L 41/0816 - Réglages de configuration caractérisés par les conditions déclenchant un changement de paramètres la condition étant une adaptation, p. ex. en réponse aux événements dans le réseau
38.
APPARATUS, METHOD, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR INTER-RADIO ACCESS TECHNOLOGY MOBILITY EVENT
The disclosure relates to a method comprising: receiving, from an access and mobility management function in the communication system, a request to deactivate a user equipment at the short message service function, wherein the request to deactivate the user equipment at the short message service function comprises a cause for deactivating the user equipment at the short message service function; and based on the cause for deactivating the user equipment at the short message service function: transmitting, to a unified data management in the communication system, a request to deregister the short message service function at the unified data management and deleting a user equipment context for the user equipment; or marking a user equipment context for the user equipment as inactive.
H04W 8/18 - Traitement de données utilisateur ou abonné, p. ex. services faisant l'objet d'un abonnement, préférences utilisateur ou profils utilisateurTransfert de données utilisateur ou abonné
H04W 4/14 - Services d'envoi de messages courts, p. ex. SMS ou données peu structurées de services supplémentaires [USSD]
A opto-electronic assembly, including: a photonic integrated circuit (PIC), a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), a substrate, and an interposer, wherein the RFIC is mounted on the PIC and is electrically connected to the PIC, wherein the PIC is mounted and electrically connected to the substrate via the interposer.
H01L 23/498 - Connexions électriques sur des substrats isolants
H01L 23/00 - Détails de dispositifs à semi-conducteurs ou d'autres dispositifs à l'état solide
H01L 23/13 - Supports, p. ex. substrats isolants non amovibles caractérisés par leur forme
H01L 25/18 - Ensembles consistant en une pluralité de dispositifs à semi-conducteurs ou d'autres dispositifs à l'état solide les dispositifs étant de types prévus dans plusieurs différents groupes principaux de la même sous-classe , , , , ou
According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus configured to process, in a location management function, a location service request which requests that a location of a user equipment is determined, wherein the location service request comprises or is provided with at least one of the following indications: whether the request is non-mandatory, an accuracy requirement, a priority of the location service request, a class of the user equipment, a category of the user equipment, a mobility profile of the user equipment and information on previous location measurements of the user equipment, determine, based at least in part on energy saving requirements or the at least one indication, positioning reference signal characteristics to be used in the determining of the location of the user equipment, and transmit a response to the request, the response comprising indications on the determined positioning reference signal characteristics.
In an example embodiment, the network device includes a housing; at least one set of first antennas and at least one set of second antennas, respectively arranged on a plurality of sides of the housing at a 45 degrees inclination with respect to a longitudinal direction of the housing, the second antennas spaced apart from the first antennas arranged on the same side by a predetermined distance in the longitudinal direction, to enable the at least one set of first antennas and the at least one set of second antennas to have a predetermined antenna isolation; a controller configured to adjust, based on an operating mode of the network device, a phase and an amplitude of a channel associated with the at least one set of first antennas and/or the at least one set of second antennas, to make channel state information of a plurality of channels associated with a same set of first antennas and/or second antennas related or disrelated with each other.
This specification discloses an apparatus, method and computer program. The method may comprise identifying one or more straggler devices among a plurality of devices, suspending transmission of an aggregated model to the one or more straggler devices for local model training, and resuming transmission of the aggregated model to at least one of the one or more straggler devices if the at least one straggler device meets one or more resumption criteria at a subsequent time.
According to an aspect, there is provided an apparatus configured to perform the following. The apparatus obtains one or more trained hidden Markov models whose hidden and observation states define expected future and current behavior of respective one or more operational parameters of a device over time. The apparatus receives one or more messages comprising values for the one or more operational parameters for successive time instances. The apparatus determines one or more sets of successive observation states based on the one or more messages. The apparatus determines one or more probability distributions of most probable paths through the one or more hidden Markov models using a Viterbi algorithm based on the one or more sets. The apparatus determines one or more values of a trust rate based at least on dispersion in the one or more probability distributions, and classifies the device as trusted/untrusted based thereon.
H04L 41/147 - Analyse ou conception de réseau pour prédire le comportement du réseau
H04L 41/142 - Analyse ou conception de réseau en utilisant des méthodes statistiques ou mathématiques
H04L 41/16 - Dispositions pour la maintenance, l’administration ou la gestion des réseaux de commutation de données, p. ex. des réseaux de commutation de paquets en utilisant l'apprentissage automatique ou l'intelligence artificielle
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to determination of activation signal. In an aspect, a first device receives a first activation signal with a first duration. Based on determining that the first duration is insufficient to modulate data, the first device transmits a signaling for requesting a second activation signal. The first device receives the second activation signal. In this way, the embodiments can enable an activation signal with long enough duration for backscattering transmission of ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) devices if the original activation signal is not sufficient.
There is provided a method, computer program, and apparatus for causing a network access node to perform: calculating a first offset value based on first acknowledgment and negative acknowledgement information for signals received during subband full duplex, SBFD, slots; calculating a second offset value based on second acknowledgement and negative acknowledgment information for signals received during uplink-only slots or during downlink-only slots; and using the first and second offset values to determine respective first and second modulation and coding schemes, MCS, to be used for transmissions made in a subband full duplex, SBFD, slots and either uplink-only slots or downlink-only slots.
This specification discloses an apparatus and method. The method may comprise receiving a plurality of encoded data messages over a wireless channel from a transmitting node, attempting to decode the received encoded data messages and determining successful/unsuccessful decoding of the encoded data messages. The method may also comprise, responsive to determining successful decoding of a particular encoded data message, allocating the particular decoded data message to a pool associated with the transmitting node, and, responsive to determining unsuccessful decoding of a particular encoded data message, selecting a replacement data message from the pool associated with the transmitting node.
Various example embodiments of a processor cache are presented herein. The processor cache may be configured to support redirection of memory blocks between cache lines, including between cache lines in different sets of the processor cache, thereby improving the efficiency of the processor cache by increasing the utilization of the processor cache and reducing cache misses for the processor cache. The redirection of memory blocks between cache lines may include redirection of a memory block from being stored in a first cache line of a first set of the processor cache which is the default set for the memory block (e.g., when the first set does not have any empty cache lines) to a second cache line of a second set of the processor cache which is not the default set for the memory block (e.g., the second set may be any set having at least one empty cache line).
There is provided an apparatus, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: receiving, from a network node, a configuration of a plurality of bandwidth parts comprising at least a first bandwidth part and a second bandwidth part; receiving a configuration of at least one condition for autonomous switch from the first bandwidth part to the second bandwidth part; determining that the at least one condition is satisfied; and based on determining that the at least one condition is satisfied, initiating a switch from the first bandwidth part to the second bandwidth part.
An apparatus for use in a transmitter in a passive optical network, PON, is configured to perform generating a first bitstream in a frame size, wherein the first bitstream includes service data units, SDUs, intended for a recipient in the PON and a number of idle data units; and wherein, the number of idle data units is smaller than another number of idle data units used to fill a Framing Sublayer, FS, payload section space; generating a second bitstream by processing the first bitstream through at least part of a plurality of processing stages used for transmission preparation, till after a particular processing stage; determining an appendix data based on constrains of the at least part of the plurality of processing stages; obtaining a third bitstream in a PON Physical, PHY, layer size based on the second bitstream and the appendix data, and transmitting the third bitstream via the PON.
An apparatus includes means for: determining a zero status bit of a first element that indicates whether the first element is zero; determining a zero status bit of a second element that indicates whether the second element is zero; determining a combined status bit corresponding to an index of the first element and an index of the second element, wherein the combined status bit indicates whether a product of a next first element and a next second element is non-zero; determining a pointer that points to a memory address of a next set of elements comprising the next first element and the next second element, based on the combined status bit; retrieving the next set of elements from a location in the at least one memory given by the memory address; and performing a computation to determine the product of the next first element and the next second element.
An optical line terminal, OLT, for a passive optical network, PON, configured to provide discovery of optical network units, ONUs, by performing broadcasting at least one message, comprising an indication of an availability of the OLT for discovering new ONUs; and a selecting condition limiting the new ONUs to a subset of ONUs located within a distance range from the OLT; and listening, during a quiet window associated with the distance range, for messages in response to the broadcasting, sent by the subset of ONUs.
An optical receiver, configured to receive optical burst signals in a passive optical network, PON; wherein the optical receiver comprises a clock-and-data-recovery, CDR, circuitry configured to synchronise a reference clock signal with a received optical burst signal starting from a configurable initial clock phase, thereby obtaining a synchronised data signal and a synchronised clock phase; wherein the optical receiver further comprises a phase estimation circuitry configured to estimate a phase of a received optical burst signal with respect to the reference clock signal and wherein the optical receiver is further configured to: receive a first optical burst signal; determine a phase estimate correction; receive a second optical burst signal; and obtain a corrected phase estimate; and, synchronise the reference clock signal with the corrected phase estimate as the configurable initial clock phase.
The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a communication device, and specifically, to Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) with repeater function. The communication device includes: a donor antenna module for transmitting/receiving a radio frequency signal to/from a base station; a service antenna module for transmitting/receiving a radio frequency signal to/from a terminal; a System on Chip (SoC); an intermediate frequency transceiver coupled to the SoC; and a combiner comprising a combining port, a first branching port, and a second branching port, wherein the combing port is coupled to the donor antenna module via an intermediate frequency combining channel, the first branching port is coupled to the intermediate frequency transceiver via a first intermediate frequency branching channel, and the second branching port is coupled to the service antenna module via a second intermediate frequency branching channel.
H04B 7/0404 - Systèmes de diversitéSystèmes à plusieurs antennes, c.-à-d. émission ou réception utilisant plusieurs antennes utilisant plusieurs antennes indépendantes espacées la station mobile comprenant plusieurs antennes, p. ex. pour mettre en œuvre une diversité en voie ascendante
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, and a computer readable storage medium for transmitting a TSC stream via a TSN enabled TN. In the solution, multiple TN streams associated with the multiple candidate network devices respectively may be established in the TSN enabled TN between the UPF and the multiple candidate network devices, where at least one of the multiple TN streams is used for transmitting the packets of the TSC stream between the UPF and the terminal device via a corresponding candidate network device.
The present disclosure proposes a solution on a cell congestion detection and resolution. Further, it also proposes a stepwise congestion control algorithm and mitigation. In this way, it can help most of the NBR UEs from to meet their NBR requirement, and also prevent starving other non-GBR UEs from receiving any resources. Additionally, it also prevents cell-load oscillation and ping-pong, which prevents many UEs from being deprioritized during congestion or being re-prioritized when congestion is relieved.
A system for performing an atomic cross-blockchain transaction includes at least one memory configured to store instructions and at least one processor configured to execute the instructions to cause the system to define (S402) a transaction involving a first blockchain and at least one second blockchain and to execute (S404) the transaction. The transaction includes one or more operations on each of the first blockchain and the at least one second blockchain. The at least one operation of the one or more operations of the transaction is executed on the at least one second blockchain via a cross-chain bridge.
H04L 9/00 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité
G06F 16/27 - Réplication, distribution ou synchronisation de données entre bases de données ou dans un système de bases de données distribuéesArchitectures de systèmes de bases de données distribuées à cet effet
G06F 9/46 - Dispositions pour la multiprogrammation
Example embodiments describe an optical line terminal, OLT, configured to communicate in a passive optical network, PON, with optical network units, ONUs; wherein the OLT is configured to dynamically assign bandwidths to traffic-bearing entities within the ONUs that are equal to estimated bandwidth demands of the respective traffic-bearing entities by allocating upstream transmission opportunities to the traffic-bearing entities; and wherein the OLT is configured to perform assigning bandwidth margins to the respective traffic-bearing entities in addition to the estimated bandwidth demands; and wherein the OLT further includes a receiver configured to receive upstream optical signals from the traffic-bearing entities during the allocated upstream transmission opportunities; and wherein the receiver is further configured to power down one or more functionalities during non-allocated periods free of upstream optical signals.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, and a computer readable storage medium for service deployment on computing nodes. A first apparatus, such as a CNC controller, may receive a service deployment request from a terminal device for a specific service to be deployed. The first apparatus determines, based on the service deployment request, a user plane function (UPF) and one or more computing nodes that are to be used for the specific service. The first apparatus causes triggering of a deployment of the specific service on the one or more computing nodes and causes triggering, for the specific service, of an establishment of a path associated with the terminal device, the UPF, and the one or more computing nodes. The first apparatus then transmits, to the terminal device, a service deployment response indicating that the specific service has been deployed.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, and a computer readable storage medium for transmitting a TSC stream via a TSN enabled TN during a HO procedure of a terminal device. In one embodiment, an apparatus for controlling a PDU session, such as the SMF/CUC, determines that a terminal device is to be handed over from a first network device to a second network device which are connected to a UPF via TSN enabled TN. The apparatus initiates a listener join procedure to configure the second network device as a listener of a TN stream in the TSN enabled TN. As such, both the first network device and the second network device are listeners during the HO procedure, and there is a short time duration in which the UPF may need to separate TN paths to both the first network device and the second network device.
At least one example embodiment provides a radio access network element comprising at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the radio access network element to: extract sign information from a plurality of log-likelihood ratio (LLR) sample values included in LLR data in a resource block group (RBG); convert negative LLR sample values, from among the plurality of LLR sample values, into positive integer values to obtain converted LLR data; generate compressed LLR data based on the converted LLR data; and output the compressed LLR data.
H03M 13/00 - Codage, décodage ou conversion de code pour détecter ou corriger des erreursHypothèses de base sur la théorie du codageLimites de codageMéthodes d'évaluation de la probabilité d'erreurModèles de canauxSimulation ou test des codes
H03M 13/39 - Estimation de séquence, c.-à-d. utilisant des méthodes statistiques pour la reconstitution des codes originaux
61.
POWER OPTIMIZATION IN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS BASED ON ROOT CLOCK THROTTLING
Various example embodiments for supporting power optimizations for electronic circuits are presented. Various example embodiments for supporting power optimizations for electronic circuits may be configured to support power optimizations for a block of an electronic circuit. Various example embodiments for supporting power optimizations for a block of an electronic circuit may be configured to support a reduction in power consumption by a clock distribution tree of the block of the electronic circuit. Various example embodiments for supporting a reduction in power consumption by a clock distribution tree of a block of an electronic circuit may be configured to reduce power consumption by the clock distribution tree of the block of the electronic circuit by supporting root clock throttling for the block of the electronic circuit, based on a workload on the block of the electronic circuit, to reduce power consumption by the clock distribution tree of the block of the electronic circuit.
An approach is provided for generating a semantic three-dimensional abstract representation. The approach involves, for example, processing a first image to determine a first set of image coordinates corresponding to one or more first semantic features of one or more first objects. The approach also involves processing a second image to determine a second set of image coordinates corresponding to one or more second semantic features of one or more second objects. The approach further involves determining an object size, an object pose, or a combination thereof based on the first set of image coordinates, the second set of image coordinates, and a camera pose change between the first image and the second image. The approach further involves providing the object size, the object pose, or a combination thereof as an output.
G06T 7/174 - DécoupageDétection de bords impliquant l'utilisation de plusieurs images
G06T 7/62 - Analyse des attributs géométriques de la superficie, du périmètre, du diamètre ou du volume
G06T 7/73 - Détermination de la position ou de l'orientation des objets ou des caméras utilisant des procédés basés sur les caractéristiques
G06V 10/764 - Dispositions pour la reconnaissance ou la compréhension d’images ou de vidéos utilisant la reconnaissance de formes ou l’apprentissage automatique utilisant la classification, p. ex. des objets vidéo
G06V 20/70 - Étiquetage du contenu de scène, p. ex. en tirant des représentations syntaxiques ou sémantiques
63.
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR HYBRID FEDERATED LEARNING WITH TRUSTED EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT (TEE) CLIENTS AND NON-TEE CLIENTS
A server for hybrid federated learning with trusted execution environment (TEE) client devices and non-TEE client devices may determine an initial set of global model weights associated with a desired machine learning algorithm, transmit the initial set of global model weights to a plurality of client devices, the plurality of client devices including a plurality of TEE client devices and a plurality of non-TEE client devices, the initial set of global model weights enabling each of the plurality of client devices to generate encoded gradient information based on data collected by each respective client device and pseudo-random noise generated by the respective client device, receive the encoded gradient information from each of the plurality of client devices, and determine an updated set global model weights based on the encoded gradient information.
G06N 3/098 - Apprentissage distribué, p. ex. apprentissage fédéré
G06F 21/53 - Contrôle des utilisateurs, des programmes ou des dispositifs de préservation de l’intégrité des plates-formes, p. ex. des processeurs, des micrologiciels ou des systèmes d’exploitation au stade de l’exécution du programme, p. ex. intégrité de la pile, débordement de tampon ou prévention d'effacement involontaire de données par exécution dans un environnement restreint, p. ex. "boîte à sable" ou machine virtuelle sécurisée
64.
MACHINE LEARNING -BASED REDUCTION OF PEAK-TO-AVERAGE-POWER RATIO OF TIME-DOMAIN RADIO SIGNALS, AND RELATED DEVICES, METHODS AND COMPUTER PROGRAMS
Devices, methods and computer programs for machine learning (ML)-based reduction of peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) of time-domain radio signals are disclosed. At least some example embodiments may allow reducing the PAPR of time-domain radio signals of high-frequency communications in an efficient way to achieve improvements in energy efficiency, while also minimizing computational complexity of the PAPR reduction with the ML-based techniques.
H04W 52/34 - Gestion du TPC, c.-à-d. partage de la quantité limitée de puissance entre les utilisateurs ou les canaux ou encore les types de données, p. ex. charge des cellules
H04L 27/26 - Systèmes utilisant des codes à fréquences multiples
65.
COMMUNICATION DEVICE, METHOD, AND APPARATUS, AND COMPUTER-READABLE MEDIUM
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a communication device, method, and apparatus, and a computer-readable medium. In one aspect, a first access point (AP) device assigns a device identification to a station (STA) device during performing an association process with the STA device. In addition, the first AP device transmits the device identification assigned to the STA device to at least one of a second AP device or a control device. In this way, the performance of a communication network can be improved. For example, an EasyMesh network with improved performance can be achieved.
H04W 60/04 - Rattachement à un réseau, p. ex. enregistrementSuppression du rattachement à un réseau, p. ex. annulation de l'enregistrement utilisant des événements déclenchés
H04W 28/24 - Négociation de l'agrément du niveau de service [SLA Service Level Agreement]Négociation de la qualité de service [QoS Quality of Service]
H04W 40/24 - Gestion d'informations sur la connectabilité, p. ex. exploration de connectabilité ou mise à jour de connectabilité
A planar electro-optic Mach-Zehnder modulator disposed along a surface of a substrate includes an RF transmission line and two optical waveguide arms extending along and between two drive electrodes of the RF transmission line. First modulation electrodes are electrically connected to a first of the drive electrodes so that an adjacent pair of segments of the optical waveguides is located between a pair of end segments of a corresponding one of the first modulation electrodes. Second modulation electrodes are electrically connected to the second of the drive electrodes such that an end segment of each of the second modulation electrodes is located between a corresponding one of the adjacent pairs of segments of the optical waveguides.
G02F 1/21 - Dispositifs ou dispositions pour la commande de l'intensité, de la couleur, de la phase, de la polarisation ou de la direction de la lumière arrivant d'une source lumineuse indépendante, p. ex. commutation, ouverture de porte ou modulationOptique non linéaire pour la commande de l'intensité, de la phase, de la polarisation ou de la couleur par interférence
G02F 1/225 - Dispositifs ou dispositions pour la commande de l'intensité, de la couleur, de la phase, de la polarisation ou de la direction de la lumière arrivant d'une source lumineuse indépendante, p. ex. commutation, ouverture de porte ou modulationOptique non linéaire pour la commande de l'intensité, de la phase, de la polarisation ou de la couleur par interférence dans une structure de guide d'ondes optique
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for capability restriction reporting. In a method, a first apparatus receives a measurement configuration from a second apparatus in a first network. The measurement configuration indicates a frequency layer and a list of neighboring cells. Based on the measurement configuration, the first apparatus performs at least one measurement and determines that a neighboring cell in the list of neighboring cells is qualified to operate as a serving cell and a capability of the first apparatus is restricted for the neighboring cell. In response to the determining, the first apparatus transmits a measurement report to the second apparatus. The measurement report indicates the neighboring cell and a restriction of the capability of the first apparatus for the neighboring cell.
According to an aspect, there is provided an apparatus for performing the following. The apparatus retrieves a resource usage monitoring algorithm from an edge cloud or a central cloud. The apparatus calculates a first cryptographic hash based on the resource usage monitoring algorithm and stores the first cryptographic hash to a trusted register. The apparatus transmits the first cryptographic hash to the edge cloud or the central cloud.
G06F 9/50 - Allocation de ressources, p. ex. de l'unité centrale de traitement [UCT]
H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégéesProtocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
An apparatus, including at least one processor, and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: provide a first machine learning model configured to receive first information associated with at least one signal and to provide a first channel prediction based on the first information, provide a second machine learning model configured to receive second information and to provide a second channel prediction based on the second information, the second information comprising the first information and at least temporarily including the first channel prediction, determine the second channel prediction using at least the second machine learning model.
Example embodiments provide a precoding design for rank-deficient scenarios. A network device (500) is configured to receive, from a user device, a sounding reference signal, SRS; perform a channel estimation based on the received SRS signal, wherein at least one channel vector is discarded based on an optimum rank for downlink transmission being lower than a number of ports of the user device; transmit, to the user device, a beamformed channel state information reference signal, CSI-RS; receive, from the user device, a precoding matrix indicator, PMI, calculated based on the beamformed CSI-RS; calculate channel state information, CSI, based on the PMI and the beamforming of the CSI-RS; and determine a linear precoding matrix based on combined information from the channel estimation and the CSI such that the one or more discarded channel vectors are compensated by the PMI. An apparatus, a method (600), and computer program are disclosed.
H04L 5/00 - Dispositions destinées à permettre l'usage multiple de la voie de transmission
H04B 7/06 - Systèmes de diversitéSystèmes à plusieurs antennes, c.-à-d. émission ou réception utilisant plusieurs antennes utilisant plusieurs antennes indépendantes espacées à la station d'émission
An approach is provided for structure-aided visual localization (SAVLoc). The approach involves, for example, processing an image captured by a camera device to determine one or more pixel coordinates of one or more structural components depicted in the image. The approach also involves determining an approximate pose of the camera device at a time the image was captured and a correspondence of the one or more structural components to one or more known components based on the approximate. The approach further involves querying a database for one or more location coordinates of the one or more known components based on the correspondence. The approach further involves computing a pose estimation of the camera device based on one or more location coordinates and the one or more pixel coordinates.
An optical line terminal, OLT, is configured to communicate in a passive optical network, PON, with optical network units, ONUs; wherein the OLT is configured to dynamically assign bandwidth to traffic-bearing entities within the ONUs by allocating upstream transmission opportunities to the traffic-bearing entities based on bandwidth demands of the respective traffic-bearing entities and on one or more service parameters of the respective traffic-bearing entities; wherein an assigned bandwidth of a traffic-bearing entity includes a guaranteed assigned bandwidth and a non-guaranteed assigned bandwidth; and wherein OLT is further configured to perform, if a sum of the bandwidth demands of the traffic-bearing entities within the PON exceeds an effective available bandwidth of the PON, assigning, to respective unsaturated traffic-bearing entities having bandwidth demands that exceed the guaranteed assigned bandwidths, non-guaranteed assigned bandwidths proportional to the bandwidth demands.
A method comprises: obtaining, based on communication-related data transmitted between a plurality of endpoint devices and at least one operations node, measured values of at least one performance indicator associated with one or more from the endpoint devices; dividing a region of interest into a plurality of grids, wherein the plurality of grids comprises one or more grids of interest each including at least one of said measured values; for a selected grid of interest, generating predicted values of the at least one performance indicator based on the at least one of said measured values; and for the selected grid of interest, determining a confidence interval based on said measured values and/or said predicted values and based on at least one target value of the at least one performance indicator set by a pre-determined target for the selected grid of interest.
H04L 43/08 - Surveillance ou test en fonction de métriques spécifiques, p. ex. la qualité du service [QoS], la consommation d’énergie ou les paramètres environnementaux
74.
COORDINATION FOR MITIGATING CROSS-LINK INTERFERENCE
Disclosed is a method comprising transmitting, to a second network entity, a configuration indicating one or more resources to be used for measuring cross-link interference between the first network entity and the second network entity; receiving, from the second network entity, a cross-link interference measurement report indicating a result of the measurement for one or more beam pairs associated with the first network entity and the second network entity; and coordinating with the second network entity based on the cross-link interference measurement report for mitigating the cross-link interference.
H04B 7/06 - Systèmes de diversitéSystèmes à plusieurs antennes, c.-à-d. émission ou réception utilisant plusieurs antennes utilisant plusieurs antennes indépendantes espacées à la station d'émission
75.
TARGET OBJECT REQUESTING SEARCHING FOR ADJACENT UES FOR SENSING
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to target object requesting searching for adjacent user equipment (UE) for sensing. In an aspect, a first terminal device receives from a network device or generates a first indication indicating to search for at least one candidate terminal device for sensing. The first terminal device transmits, to at least one second terminal device, a first request for searching for the at least one candidate terminal device. By implementing the embodiments of the present disclosure, the number of potential adjacent UEs participating in the sensing procedure could be expanded, thereby facilitating discovering the most suitable adjacent UEs for sensing the target object, improving sensing result accuracy as well as the robustness, and achieving fast and efficient sensing-capable adjacent UE selection.
A method and apparatus are provided for addressing problems in performing FEC decoding in OFDM communication systems, particularly problems associated with SNR fluctuations across the subcarrier frequency band. The disclosed decoding process is based on the use of per-subcarrier SNR values when performing data recovery in a subcarrier group sharing the same modulation format. That is, the bit-wise LLRs created for a given subcarrier are based upon that subcarrier's individual SNR, not an averaged (scalar) SNR used for all subcarriers within a given group.
A packet loss prevention controller in a software defined network, including: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions, that when executed by the at least one processor, cause the device at least to: collect first network gateway (NG) metrics for a first NG, wherein the first NG receives data packets from a network; analyze the first NG metrics to produce a plurality of first performance metrics; compare the plurality of first performance metrics to a plurality of performance thresholds; and activate a shunt link between the first NG and a second NG when one of the plurality of first performance metrics exceeds one of the plurality of performance thresholds, wherein the shunt link transmits data packets received by the first NG from the network to the second NG.
A base station determines a power threshold to use for transmission in a sampling period in order to meet a power requirement defined to limit an amount of a function of radiated power, at least by: determining a set of admissible power thresholds; measuring overshoot in transmitted power; and computing the power threshold to be used for the transmission, as a function of the measured overshoot and the set of admissible power thresholds, to form the determined power threshold. The base station performs the transmission in the sampling period using the determined power threshold. Periodically, a set of hyper-parameters is found that improve expected performance in terms of power threshold fairness using multiple power thresholds and corresponding multiple power consumption values. The hyper-parameters are then used at least to computer the power thresholds used for transmission.
H04W 52/36 - Commande de puissance d'émission [TPC Transmission power control] utilisant les limitations de la quantité totale de puissance d'émission disponible avec une plage ou un ensemble discrets de valeurs, p. ex. incrément, variation graduelle ou décalages
Example embodiments describe an optical line terminal (OLT) configured to communicate in a point-to-multipoint optical network with optical network units (ONUs); where the OLT and a respective ONU share a set of shared keys. The OLT configured to perform receiving, from a respective ONU, at least one identifier encrypted according to a preconfigured encryption algorithm and a preconfigured key; wherein the at least one identifier is characteristic for the respective ONU. The OLT configured to perform decrypting the at least one received identifier according to the preconfigured encryption algorithm and the preconfigured key; and determining at least one shared key based on the at least one decrypted identifier.
Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for machine learning based generalized equivalent isotropically radiated power control are provided. For example, a method may include receiving a plurality of input parameters. The input parameters can describe a directional portion of a radiation pattern of an antenna array and a weighting to be applied to the antenna array. The method may further include processing the plurality of input parameters using a trained neural network. The method may also include providing an output representative of equivalent isotropically radiated power associated with the plurality of input parameters.
Various example embodiments may relate to relate radio receivers. A radio receiver may receive data and reference signals; determine a channel estimate for the received data based on the reference signals; and equalize the received data with a sequential plurality of equalization stages, one or more of the sequential plurality of equalization stages comprising: an equalizer configured to determine an equalized representation of input data based a previous channel estimate, and a channel estimator neural network configured to determine at least a refined channel estimate for a subsequent equalization stage based on the previous channel estimate and the input data.
Disclosed is a method comprising receiving (203), from at least one terminal device (100) by a wake-up receiver (WURx) of an apparatus (104), at least one enhanced wake-up signal (201), and deciding (204), by the wake-up receiver (WURx), based on the at least one enhanced wake-up signal (201), whether or not to wake-up the apparatus (104) from a network energy saving mode.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to camera calibration. In an aspect, a device obtains first data including first semantic information of an object and first coordinate information of the object in a physical space, and obtains second data including second semantic information of the object and second coordinate information of the object in an image of the physical space captured by a camera. With the matching between the first and second semantic information, the device determines calibration data of the camera based on the first and second coordinate information. As such, the accurate matching of corresponding points from the real world and image pixels is implemented for camera calibration and localization, and the communication burden is reduced.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for the secure communication in Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) Store and Forward (S&F) system. The method comprises: determining a first context at least indicating information associated with a second apparatus for serving a third apparatus; and transmitting the first context to at least one of the third apparatus or the second apparatus for communication protection between the third apparatus and the second apparatus.
There is provided an apparatus, method, and computer program for causing the following to be performed: exchanging routing information with a plurality of routers located uplink between a user plane function and a host, wherein the apparatus is comprised in a core network function; constructing a routing table comprising a learnt route for routing data traffic to the host using the routing information, wherein the learnt route is determined using the routing information; deriving at least one preferred route (s) to be used among the one or more learnt routes when selecting a router from the plurality of routers for routing data traffic to the host; and configuring the user plane function to route the data traffic using the derived at least one preferred route.
There is provided a method, apparatus and computer program for causing the following to be implemented: exchanging routing information with a plurality of routers located downlink between a terminal device and a host, wherein the apparatus is comprised in a core network function; constructing a routing table comprising at least one learnt route for routing data traffic to the host using the routing information; and causing a preferred route of the at least one learnt route to be used when selecting a router from the plurality of routers for routing data traffic to the host by configuring a user plane function to route the data traffic using the preferred route.
Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for communicating with learned constellations and sparse demodulation reference signal (DMRS). A method may include receiving symbols from a network element. The method may also include receiving an array including a number of subcarriers, a number of the symbols, and a number of input channels. The input channels may include a received signal, a raw channel estimate, or a demodulation reference signal density scalar value. The method may further include processing the array with one or more residual network blocks to obtain receiver weights corresponding to the received symbols. In addition, the method may include jointly training the receiver weights and a transmitter constellation shape associated with a demodulation symbol.
A method, apparatus, and computer program product are provided. In the context of a method, the method receives a quality of service profile including a range of quality of service attribute values or a first limit value, where the range of quality of service attribute values describe a range of authorized quality of service configurations. The method determines, when the first limit value is received, a second limit value, where the first limit value and the second limit value define the range of quality of service attribute values. The method determines a first quality of service configuration based on the range of quality of service attributes, where the first quality of service configuration describes a set of quality of service attribute values within the range of quality of service attribute values. The method applies the first quality of service configuration to communications with a user equipment.
H04W 28/02 - Gestion du trafic, p. ex. régulation de flux ou d'encombrement
H04W 28/24 - Négociation de l'agrément du niveau de service [SLA Service Level Agreement]Négociation de la qualité de service [QoS Quality of Service]
H04W 28/16 - Gestion centrale des ressourcesNégociation de ressources ou de paramètres de communication, p. ex. négociation de la bande passante ou de la qualité de service [QoS Quality of Service]
H04W 28/08 - Équilibrage ou répartition des charges
89.
DETERMINISTIC COMMUNICATION WITH DUAL-CONNECTIVITY
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, devices, apparatuses, and computer readable medium of. The method comprises: receiving a resource allocation request associated with a deterministic communication traffic; determining at least one recommended network device satisfying a deterministic requirement associated with the deterministic communication traffic; selecting at least one target network device from the at least one recommended network device; and transmitting, to the at least one target network device, an indication to allocate resources for at least one further deterministic communication traffic. In this way, by selection based on the transmission status and the specific latency, reliability and QoS requirement of deterministic communication traffic, the selected secondary node has better compliance with the scheduled deterministic communication traffic so that the established DC will be more robust.
H04W 72/543 - Critères d’affectation ou de planification des ressources sans fil sur la base de critères de qualité sur la base de la qualité demandée, p. ex. QdS [QoS]
H04W 72/20 - Canaux de commande ou signalisation pour la gestion des ressources
A method for generating a temporal sequence of output values at an output rate equal to the input rate multiplied by an upsampling factor K from a first temporal sequence of input values of a traffic-related counter at the input rate is disclosed. The input values are in a first range. The temporal sequence of input values is preprocessed to generate a sequence of scaled values the output rate. The scaled values are in a second range derived from the first range by a non-linear function. A trained iterative denoising process is applied to the sequence of scaled values and a noise signal at the output rate to generate a sequence of denoised upsampled values at the output rate in the second range.
H04L 43/04 - Traitement des données de surveillance capturées, p. ex. pour la génération de fichiers journaux
H04L 41/16 - Dispositions pour la maintenance, l’administration ou la gestion des réseaux de commutation de données, p. ex. des réseaux de commutation de paquets en utilisant l'apprentissage automatique ou l'intelligence artificielle
H04L 43/022 - Capture des données de surveillance par échantillonnage
H04L 43/10 - Surveillance active, p. ex. battement de cœur, utilitaire Ping ou trace-route
The present subject matter relates to an apparatus for handover of a user equipment into a target base station of communication system, the apparatus comprising means, the means being configured for: in response to selecting the target base station for handover of the user equipment to the target base station performing a first handover method by at least: comparing a current set of cell measurements of the user equipment with reference sets of cell measurements for determining whether the target base station is a fake base station; performing a handover of the user equipment based on a determination that the target base station is not a fake base station.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage media for IP routing and forwarding operation and management of an IP router node. A core network entity obtains a first set of IP routing or forwarding information about at least one IP interface in a first IP router node from at least one of the following: at least one user plane entity in the first IP router node, at least one control plane entity in the first IP router node, or an IP router controller. In turn, the core network entity determines a second set of IP routing or forwarding information about the first IP router based on at least one of the first set of IP routing or forwarding information and first static routing information preconfigured on the core network entity, the at least one IP interface connecting the first IP router node to a second set of IP entities and/or to a third set of IP entities. Each of the IP entities comprises an IP node or an IP host.
A method of determining a service used by a communications network node during a given time period. The method comprises selecting the period of interest from a larger period comprising a plurality of sub-periods, and then determining at least one service in use using a service determination model. This model uses several inputs, including upstream and downstream traffic volumes during the period of interest, as well as traffic volumes for each sub-period preceding the period of interest. The service determination model is a trained model that uses machine learning techniques to predict the sequences of services used. This model is trained to determine at least one target service used during a specific training period. Using this method, it is possible to determine the services used by a communication network node during a given period.
The present subject matter relates to a sender apparatus, for a wireless communication system, the sender apparatus comprising means, the means being configured for: determining a first beamforming configuration for a specific time period in accordance with a state of a channel between the sender apparatus and a receiver apparatus for transmission of data to the receiver apparatus; during the specific time period: transmitting data to the receiver apparatus using the first beamforming configuration or using a second beamforming configuration in case of a time variation of the channel
A method for use by a communication device, wherein the method comprises the steps of: receiving (S20) a handover command from one of a plurality of network cells which provides a communication service for the communication device, creating (S21) measurement data upon receiving the handover command, logging (S22) the measurement data and the end of the measurement after an execution condition to perform handover to another one of the plurality of network cells is fulfilled, and transmitting (S23) the logged measurement data to the other one of the plurality of network cells.
There is herein disclosed a network node of a wireless communication system. The network node has means for selecting a first group of cells. Each cell of the first group of cells is a secondary cell, SCell, for carrier aggregation, CA, on a user equipment, UE, of the wireless communication system. The network node has means for obtaining a first set of labelled data for the first group of cells. The labelled data includes performance information regarding the first group of cells. The network node has means for training a machine learning model for the first group of cells using the first set of labelled data. The machine learning model is configured to be implemented on the network node of the wireless communication system for SCell selection. The network node has means for determining whether the machine learning model meets a performance criteria for at least one cell of the first group of cells.
H04L 41/16 - Dispositions pour la maintenance, l’administration ou la gestion des réseaux de commutation de données, p. ex. des réseaux de commutation de paquets en utilisant l'apprentissage automatique ou l'intelligence artificielle
In certain embodiments, higher-level octree telepresence data for a point cloud of a 3D object is transmitted using a reliable transport mechanism that ensures successful transmission, e.g., via re-transmission of dropped packets, and lower-level octree data for the point cloud is transmitted using a non-reliable transport mechanism that does not guarantee successful transmission. When the lower-level data is contained in one or more of the bottom-most layers in the octree representation, at least some of the point cloud might be able to be reconstructed using successfully received data even when some lower-level data is lost and not re-transmitted. Using non-reliable transmission can reduce latency by avoiding time-consuming re-transmissions. The resulting reconstructed point cloud will be incomplete, but it might be sufficiently complete to provide satisfactory user experience with lower latency that using reliable transport for the entire octree.
H04N 19/597 - Procédés ou dispositions pour le codage, le décodage, la compression ou la décompression de signaux vidéo numériques utilisant le codage prédictif spécialement adapté pour l’encodage de séquences vidéo multi-vues
G06T 17/00 - Modélisation tridimensionnelle [3D] pour infographie
H04N 19/96 - Codage au moyen d'une arborescence, p. ex. codage au moyen d'une arborescence quadratique
Various example embodiments for supporting optical communications in an optical communication system may be configured to leverage fiber loss properties of optical fibers to support improved optical communications in various types of optical communication systems, such as passive optical networks (PONs) or other suitable types of optical communication systems. Various example embodiments for leveraging fiber loss properties of optical fibers for improved optical communications in PONs may be configured to improve PON optical distribution network reach and loss characteristics, while achieving use of lower cost and lower power consumption solutions as compared with conventional approaches for PON systems, based on an apparatus including a receiver configured to operate using a receiver sensitivity specified for an optical module class for passive optical networks and a transmitter configured to operate using a transmit power that is less than a transmit power specified for the optical module class for passive optical networks.
H04J 14/02 - Systèmes multiplex à division de longueur d'onde
H04B 10/2513 - Dispositions spécifiques à la transmission par fibres pour réduire ou éliminer la distorsion ou la dispersion due à la dispersion chromatique
An apparatus includes at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code; wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: train a machine learning model to learn a configuration matrix that defines a reconfigurable intelligent surface; configure the reconfigurable intelligent surface for channel estimation during runtime, using the learned configuration matrix; perform channel estimation on an uplink channel using the reconfigurable intelligent surface; and reconfigure the reconfigurable intelligent surface after the channel estimation to improve coverage within the uplink channel.
H04B 7/04 - Systèmes de diversitéSystèmes à plusieurs antennes, c.-à-d. émission ou réception utilisant plusieurs antennes utilisant plusieurs antennes indépendantes espacées
Privacy auditing by storing a dataset comprising first data and second data for at least one User Equipment; storing ground truth labels for the first data and the second data; sending information based on the dataset to a network function; receiving, from the network function, information for determining a first value of a loss function; receiving, from the network function, information for determining a second value of the loss function; determining a difference between the first value of the loss function and the second value of the loss function; comparing the difference to a threshold to determine whether a Differential Privacy mechanism was applied to the first data before the network function trained the machine learning model based on the first data.
